Physiological and Proteomic Changes of Brassica napus L. Under Copper Stress

Recently, contaminants, including heavy metals have been increased by mining waste, garbage reclamation, and industrial effluents. It is difficult to remediate by itself and it could affect to people, so remediation is essential. Brassica napus L. has higher copper tolerance than other plants and can remediate metals from contaminated soils. Copper (Cu) is one of the essential nutrients for plant growth and development, but excess Cu in the soils may interrupt normal plant growth and development. However, exogenous citric acid (CA) could enhance the uptake of heavy metals in B. napus and tolerance to toxicity of heavy metals, when its small amount is applied. In this study, we investigate physiological, biochemical and proteome changes under Cu stress.