『일본영이기日本靈異記』의 ｢術｣을 통해 본 고대 한일교류

Ancient Korea-Japan exchange Seen through the “Jutsu” of “Nihon Ryouiki”

本稿は『日本霊異記』の収録した説話の中に現れる｢術｣という表記について、『日本書紀』や『萬葉集』など上代諸文献の記述と比較、検討し古代韓日交流の痕跡を探そうとしたものである。 『日本書紀』の中の｢術｣の記録を調べてみると、百済と高句麗、即ち韓半島と関係のある記述のみ｢人知をこえた不思議な力｣という意味に使われていた。また『萬葉集』の場合にも吉田宜という百済出身の帰化人によって日本に紹介され伝えられていると思われる。『日本霊異記』でも『日本書紀』や『萬葉集』の例と同じく、｢術｣を｢人知をこえた不思議な力｣という意味で使われた場合、上巻28話、下巻38話のように、漏れなく大陸の呪法·呪術に限られている。『三国遺事』も同様であった。 すなわち『日本霊異記』の成立した9世紀初頃までは、日本の諸記録の中に｢術｣が使われた場合、韓半島の術、または韓半島を経由して日本に伝わったと思われる中国(道教)の術のみ｢術｣の文字を用いていたと思われる。これは当時の韓日交流と文化の伝達をよく表していると考えられる。

This paper compares and examines the notation “jutsu” that appears in the narratives recorded in “Nihon Ryouiki” with the descriptions in various literatures of the ancient times such as “Nihon Shoki” and “Manyoshu”, and traces of ancient Korea-Japan exchanges. Examining the record of “jutsu” in “Nihon Shoki”, only the description related to Baekje and Goguryeo, that is, the Korean Peninsula, was used to mean “mysterious power beyond human knowledge.” Also, in the case of “Manyoshu”, it seems that it was introduced to Japan by a naturalized person from Baekje named Kitta Yoshida. In “Nihon Ryouiki”, as in the examples of “Nihon Shoki” and “Manyoshu”, when “jutsu” is used to mean “mysterious power beyond human knowledge”, it is limited to continental spells and spells without omission, as in the case of the Zyokan episode 28 and the Gekan episode 38. The same was true for “Sankokuizi”. In other words, until the beginning of the 9th century, when “Nihon Ryouiki” was established, if “jutsu” was used in Japanese records, it would have been transmitted to Japan due to the mysterious power of the Korean Peninsula or via the Korean Peninsula. It seems that only the Chinese (Taoist) mysterious power used the word “jutsu”. This is thought to be a good representation of the exchange and culture of Korea and Japan at that time.