본 연구는 무역과 해외직접투자가 소득불평등에 미치는 효과를 분석하였다. 본 연구에 사용되어진 국가는 49개국에서 109개국이며, 기간은 2000년에서 2015년까지의 기간을 사용했으며, 패널데이터 분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과 교육참여와 세금은 소득불평등을 완화시키는데 유의미한 결과를 주었으며, 무역과 해외직접투자와 같은 개방성 지표들은 유의미한 결과를 주지 못하였다. 하지만 다중 공선성을 감안하여 분석을 실시한 바, 개방성 및 일부 FDI 지표들이 소득불평등 완화에 영향을 주었다는 것이다. 이는 국가의 무역 및 FDI 등의 자유화를 위한 정책이 효과적이었음을 보여주는 결과라고 할 수 있다.
This study empirically examines the effects of trade and FDI on intra-national income inequality, particularly with using Gini index and various measures of FDI activity such as inflows, outflows, inward stock, and outward stock. The empirical analysis has estimated a series of augmented panel regressions using a data set in 2000~2015 from 49 to 109 countries. The control variables in the estimation have different effects on income distribution. The effect of educational attainment and tax are found to be statistically significant in alleviating income inequality. Moreover, it is noticeable that the role of higher educational attainment is likely to be most important in income distribution within the country, and openness through either trade or FDI is not found to significantly affect within-country income inequality. However, the subsequent estimations with the consideration of the multicollinearity issue provide additional findings implying a possibility that not only trade openness may improve a country’s inequality, but distributional effects of FDI activity are likely to be significant and varied over types of FDI. The results imply a superior distributional effect of outward FDI over inward FDI. These results can be expected to have valid policy implications for trade openness and FDI liberalization in the countries.
Ⅰ. Introduction
Ⅱ. Literature Review
Ⅲ. Methodology and Data
Ⅳ. Empirical Results
Ⅴ. Conclusions
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