송대 차서(茶書)를 통해 본 점다도구(點茶道具)의 전개 양상

The Development of Tea Utensils from the Tea Books of Song Dynasty

본고에서는 북송대 차서 『다록』, 『대관다론』과 남송대 차서 『다구도찬』에 나타난 점다도구를 분석함으로써, 그 발전 과정을 조명하였다. 먼저, 북송차서는 고형차를 기반으로 하여 『다록』은 기본 점다도구 일체를 기록하였고, 『대관다론』은 핵심 점다도구를 게재하였으며, 『다구도찬』은 북송을 계승하되 남송의 산차, 칠기문화를 반영하여 차마, 칠기차탁 등을 추가하였다. 둘째 북송대 차도구는 『다록』 9종, 『대관다론』 6종이고, 공통된 차도구를 종합하면 총 11종이었으며, 남송 차서 『다구도찬』의 차도구 12종에서 북송과 남송의 공통된 차도구를 종합하면 송대 차도구는 16종으로 나타났다. 셋째, 북송과 남송 모두 동일한 소재의 차도구는 차라, 찻잔, 차선으로 나타났고, 다른 소재의 동일 차도구는 차롱, 침추, 차연으로 파악되었다. 넷째, 차도구의 시대별 변천 과정을 보면, 연다도구(碾茶道具)는 차구(茶臼) →차연(茶碾) → 차마(茶磨)로 전개되었고, 격불도구(擊拂道具)는 시대별로 죽협(竹筴) → 차시(茶匙) → 차선(茶筅) 순으로 발전하였으며, 북송 차서에 기술된 차시와 차선은 남송 차서에 차선만이 계승된 것으로 나타났다.

In this paper, the development of tea utensils is highlighted by analyzing them in Darok and Daegwan Daron of the Northern Song dynasty and DaguDochan of the Southern Song dynasty. First, based on solid tea in Northern Song’s tea books, Darok recorded all basic tea service tools, and DaegwanDaron recorded core tea utensils. Southern Song’s DaguDochan mentioned the use of Northern Song’s tools, and added the tea grindstone and lacquer saucer to reflect Southern Song’s leaf tea and lacquerware culture. Second, there were nine types of tea utensils in Darok, six types in DaegwanDaron, and a total of 11 types of tea tools were used in the Northern Song dynasty. On the other hand, 12 types of tea tools were in DaguDochan of the Southern Song dynasty. Hence, the Song dynasty’s tea utensils were found to be of 16 types in total. Third, tea tools of the same material were found in the form of tea sieves, teacups, and tea whisks for both Northern and Southern Song dynasties, and tea tools of different materials were identified in the form of tea storage baskets, tea breaking tools called Chimchoo, and tea iron grinder called Chayeon. Fourth, looking at the transition process of tea tools by period, the powdering tools were developed as Chagu (morta) → Chayeon (iron grinder for tea) → Chama (stone grinder for tea). The stirring tools were developed in the order of Jukhyeop (bamboo chopsticks) → Chashi (teaspoon) → Chaseon (tea whisk). Both Chashi and Chaseon appeared in the tea books of Northern Song dynasty, but only the Chaseon was present in the tea book of the Southern Song dynasty.