文人心态转变视角下的文人篆刻研究

A Study of Literati Seal Cutting from the Perspective of Literati‘s Mentality Change

元代社会的变革对中国文人篆刻艺术的形成产生了重要的影响。蒙古人统治下的元代对整个汉文化都形成了不小的打击，包括传统社会等级、秩序、观念在内的众多方面都受到了明显的冲击（傅海波&崔瑞德1998）。受此影响波及，文人篆刻艺术实现了审美自觉，文人篆刻实践也从最初仅设计印面到设计、制作全过程的过渡。而这些转变与元代社会背景下文人心态的转变有直接关系。本文主要分为两个部分，第一部分主要讨论当前学术界关于文人篆刻艺术形成时间的主流观点，并通过分析揭示文人篆刻形成于元代的合理性。第二部分主要探讨文人篆刻形成于元代的根本原因。本文认为促使元代文人篆刻形成的真正因素是时代变迁背景下文人心态的转变。当彼时文人参与篆刻实践没有了思想上的负担，无论是以此为业还是仅仅回应内心的审美诉求都能够实现。篆刻家、篆刻理论、篆刻作品的出现，昭示着文人篆刻艺术真正意义上的形成。

The social changes in the Yuan Dynasty had a decisive influence on the formation of Chinese literati s seal cutting art. The Yuan Dynasty under the Mongols rule had a big blow to the entire Han culture, and many aspects including the traditional social hierarchy, order, and concepts were obviously impacted (Fu Haibo & Cui Ruide 1998). Affected by this influence, the art of literati seal cutting realized aesthetic consciousness. The practice of literati seal cutting has also transitioned from the initial design of the seal surface to the whole process of design and production. And these changes are directly related to the change of people s mentality under the social background of the Yuan Dynasty. This article is mainly divided into two parts. The first part mainly discusses the current mainstream views in the academic circles about the formation time of literati seal cutting art, and reveals the rationality of the formation of literati seal cutting in the Yuan Dynasty through analysis. The second part mainly discusses the root cause of the formation of literati seal cutting in the Yuan Dynasty. This article believes that the real factor that promoted the formation of the seal cutting of the literati in the Yuan Dynasty is the change of the people s mentality under the background of the changes of times. When the literati participated in the practice of seal cutting, there was no ideological burden, and it was possible to realize whether they were doing this as a career or merely responding to their inner aesthetic appeal. The appearance of seal cutters, seal cutting theories, and seal cutting works indicate the formation of the true sense of the art of seal cutting by literati.