수췬(舒群)의 ｢조국 없는 아이(沒有祖國的孩子)｣에 나타난 ‘공간’에 대한 푸코적 해석

Michel Paul Foucault‘s Interpretation of Space in Shu-qun(舒群)’s Novel “Child without a Fatherland(沒有祖國的孩子)”

수췬(舒群)의 소설 「조국 없는 아이(沒有祖國的孩子)」는 일제가 식민지화 하고 있는 조국을 버리고 간도-만주라는 이상향으로 새로운 삶을 찾아 떠나 힘들게 살아가는 고려인(조선인)-궈리(果里)의 삶을 중심으로 묘사하고 있다. 소설의 배경인 간도-만주의 공간은 유토피아가 아닌 소외와 낯설음의 공간으로 작용하였다. 따라서 본 논문은 푸코의 ‘헤테로토피아’의 개념을 적용하여 공간적 의미를 살펴보았다.

The Gando-Manju space in Shu-qun’s “Child without a Fatherland” is depicted as a space where surveillance, punishment, and knowledge power operate. Foucault said earlier in “Monitoring and Punishing“ that the operation of power over a person is through surveillance and punishment, explaining, for example, schools, hospitals, and prisons, and that humans act on their own through invisible surveillance networks. Foucault’s “Heterotopia” also means that it exists as a mirror image reflecting utopia and as a half-space as a utopia in reality. Kando-Manju was recognized as a heterotopia space by the Japanese at the time, and the various imaginations granted to Manchuria made Koreans a very hopeful space. In other words, Gando-Manju, which existed within the territory of colonial modern China, has the spatial significance of heterotopia. Thus, the spatial meaning of Gando-Manju was heterogeneous in modern order at the time, but the actual meaning of the spaces was characterized by Foucault’s “Heterotopia”. Thus, the spatial significance of Gando-Manju and Heterotopia in the “Child without a Fatherland” of the Shu-qun is sufficiently corresponding.