중일전쟁시기 중소 양국의 협력과 갈등

China and the Soviet Union’s Cooperation and Conflict during the Sino-Japanese War: Focusing on the Discussion of Joint establishment of an Airplane Manufacturing Plant

중일전쟁시기 중국의 신장성(新疆省)에 농기구제조공장이라는 이름으로 비행기제조공장이 설립되어 조업한 적이 있다. 중일전쟁이 발발하고 소련과 중국은 불가침조약을 체결하였고 소련은 중국에 필요한 전쟁물자 원조를 약속하였다. 또한, 소련은 중국이 공장을 설립할 능력이 없다는 것을 알면서도 중국이 전혀 기대하지도 않았던 비행기제조공장의 합작설립을 먼저 제의하였다. 그러나 처음에는 공장의 위치로, 이후에는 비행기 기종문제로 갈등을 보이면서 설립의 논의와 중단을 반복하였다. 중국은 구미국가와의 접촉이 용이한 중국 서남부에 공장을 설립하려고 하면서 소련과 갈등을 빚었다. 게다가 중국이 통일된 지 10년이 지났음에도 독자적인 행보를 지속하며 ‘친소(親蘇)’와 ‘반소(反蘇)’사이를 오간 신장 지방세력 성스차이의 성향도 양국의 갈등을 불러온 요인이었다. 중소양국의 갈등 속에 공장설립논의는 결국 무산되었고 소련은 디화에 독자적으로 공장을 설립하였다. 중국은 제조과정에도 참여하지 못했을 뿐만 아니라 생산된 비행기를 보지도 못했다. 결론적으로 중일전쟁 시기 중소양국은 서로의 필요와 이익에서 협력관계를 맺었다. 그러나 양국은 서로에게 최선이 아닌 차선의 파트너라는 입장을 고수하고 있었기 때문에, 협력자였지만 끊임없는 갈등을 보였다고 할 수 있다.

During the Sino-Japanese War, an airplane manufacturing plant was established and operated in Xinjiang Province, China under the name of an agricultural equipment manufacturing plant. After the Sino-Japanese War broke out, China, which signed a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, was able to wage war with the cooperation of the Soviet Union. In addition, the Soviet Union first proposed the establishment of a joint airplane manufacturing plant that China had never expected, even though it knew it was incapable of building a factory. However, the discussion and suspension of the establishment were repeated as there was a conflict at first over the location of the factory and then over the aircraft type. In the selection of the factory location, China was in conflict with the Soviet Union as it tried to establish a factory in southwestern China, where contact with country of Europe and America was easy. In addition, the tendency of Sheng shi-cai between ‘pro-Soviet’ and ‘anti-Soviet’ in Sino-Soviet relations during the Sino-Japanese War was also a factor that brought about the conflict between the two countries. Due to differences in opinion between the two countries, the discussion on establishing a factory ultimately fell through, and the Soviet Union established its own factory in Xinjiang. Not only did China not participate in the manufacturing process, but it also did not see the plane produced. In conclusion, during the Sino-Japanese War, China and the Soviet Union formed a partnership in their needs and interests. However, the two countries were in a cooperative relationship, but maintained a position that they were second best partners to each other, so they showed constant conflict.