국가대표 체조선수들의 심리기술훈련을 통한 불안 자신감 및 정신적 변화 효과

A Study on Anxiety, Confidence, and Emotional Changes Effects Through Psychological Skill Training of the National Gymnasts

본 연구는 국가대표 여자 체조선수들에게 심리기술훈련을 실시하여 경쟁상태 불안, 스포츠 상태 자신감 및 정신력 변화를 검증하고자 하였다. 피험자는 국가대표 여자체조선수 중 유목적 표집 방법으로 5명을 선정하였으며 이들에게 16주간 목표설정, 이완, 심상, 인지적 재구성 훈련을 실시하였다. 질적자료 분석을 위하여 참여관찰, 심층면담, 훈련일지 기록에서 얻은 자료로 사전, 사후, 철회 3회에 걸쳐 경쟁상태 불안, 스포츠 상태 자신감을 측정한 결과를 분석하였다. 분석을 통하여 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경쟁상태 불안에서 3개 하위요인인 인지적 상태불안, 신체적 상태불안, 자신감에서 긍정적 변화가 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠 상태 자신감에서도 긍정적 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 심리기술훈련 철회 후 대부분의 선수들은 종합훈련 프로그램을 실행하지 않았고, 몇몇 선수들만 단일 심리기술을 실행하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 선수들은 심리기술훈련에 대한 필요성, 만족도, 경기력 향상의 긍정적 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Abstract This study attempted to validate the competitive state anxiety, the change in the self-confidence in sports condition and mental power by providing psychological skills training program to national female gymnasts. 5 testees were selected by purposeful sampling among national female gymnasts, who were then given the training on the goal-setting, relaxation, imagination, cognitive restructuring for 16 weeks. For the analysis of qualitative data, the results of the measurement were analyzed in relation to the competitive state anxiety and the self-confidence in the sports condition three times before/after the training and after the training was withdrawn based on the data which had been obtained from the participatory observation, in-depth interview, and training log. The results of analysis indicated the followings:First, a positive change was found in three sub-factors of competitive state anxiety, which were the cognitive anxiety, physical anxiety, and self-confidence. Second, a positive change was observed in the self-confidence in sports condition. Third, most gymnasts were found not to carry out comprehensive training program after the psychological skills training program had been withdrawn, while only a few gymnasts were implementing them. Fourth, the program was found to have a positive effect on the necessity of the psychological skills training program, the degree of satisfaction, and the improvement of performance.