授受表現｢テアゲル｣｢テクレル｣に関する一考察: 日韓対応のあり方

A Study on the Benefactive Expressions Teageru and Tekureru: On the Japanese–Korean Correspondences

授受表現｢テアゲル｣と｢テクレル｣は韓国語では｢어 주다｣であるが、日韓対応においては｢어 주다｣で表れるものと表れないものがある。｢어 주다｣で対応するものは授受表現が文の成立においてほぼ必須的、或いは強調的な場合であり、対応しないものは授受表現が顕在しなくてもさほど文の成立に差し障りを与えない場合である。対応しない場面での特徴は｢テアゲル｣の場合、本動詞が方向性の移動動詞や受け手への恩恵性が大きくないという点であり、｢テクレル｣は受け手に望ましくない内容、相手に何か働き掛ける表現、自然現象等の非情物の主語という点が上げられるが、｢テクレル｣においても恩恵性が大きくない、砕けた場面で対応しないことが目立つ。従って、｢어 주다｣は｢テアゲル｣｢テクレル｣に比べて丁寧性が大きい場面で現れ易いことが分かり、そのことが日韓ずれの一要因になり得るとも思われる。

The benefactive expressions teageru and tekureru correspond to “어 주다,” but these expressions are not always realised as “어 주다.” In cases where “어 주다” is used, the benefactive expression is necessary for the construction of a sentence or used for emphasis purposes. In cases where “어 주다” is not used, the benefactive expression is not necessary for the construction of a sentence. In the latter type, the main verb is a motion verb or there is little benefit for the recipient in the cases of teageru. In the cases of tekureru, the sentence describes a situation that is not preferable for the recipient or the subject is an addressee-oriented expression or denotes an inanimate entity such as a natural phenomenon. Another notable point is “어 주다” is not used in place of tekureru when there is little benefit for the addressee and the sentence is used in casual contexts. Therefore, compared to teageru and tekureru, “어 주다” is used in more polite contexts, and this seems to be a factor for differences in the uses of the benefactive expressions in the two languages.