The article is devoted to the study of the development of Russian-Chinese trade relations in the XIX century. For the first time, trade relations between Russia and China were established in 1727. However, by the XIX century, there were many unresolved issues in trade between the countries. The main problems were: the need to increase trading places, the expansion of land trade and the beginning of sea trade, and the increase in exports of Russian goods to Chinese markets. The author examines how Russian-Chinese treaties of the mid XIX century influenced the expansion of trade relations. The author alsostudies the main items of trade. The main export items were furs, Russian textile, and precious metals. The main import items wereChinese fabrics and tea. Trade between the two countries is seen as the basis for stability in bilateral relations.