고대 이집트의 머리받침대 조형 연구

A Study on the Formative of Ancient Egyptian Headrests

This study was conducted to provide data for the study of Egyptian woodcraft by analyzing the formative characteristics of ancient Egyptian headrests. The scope of the study is 132 artifacts from the early dynasty(3100-2890 B.C.) to the late dynasty(664-332 B.C.) of ancient Egypt. The research method is a literature data search method and a case study method. Ancient Egyptian art was developed by geopolitical influences and religious afterlife. Due to the custom of burial of burials like the deceased by the religious afterlife, various wooden relics representing the authority of the pharaohs and gods were found in the pyramids. The ancient Egyptian headrest made of wood was an important item for the function of supporting the head while sleeping and the magical function of protecting the head. The analysis of the formative characteristics of the headrest was conducted from a formative point of view by classifying it into structure, form, material, decoration, and manufacturing technique. The shape of the headrest was investigated in the order of basic type, single type, column change type, branch type, and X shape. The basic type consisting of a base, a column, and a curved upper part was the most common. Wood is the most used material, but there are also expensive materials such as stone, ivory, glass, and piece. The decorative features of the headrest appeared in the order of carving, hieroglyphs, inlay, and coloring technique. The decorative treatment was done on the column part. In addition, some are decorated with splendid inlays with materials such as ivory, glass, and gold leaf to express the status or wealth of the owner. However, most of the headrests are characterized by their simple and formative structural beauty. As for the manufacturing technique of the headrest, all the weaving of the structure was handled by handicrafts using hand tools such as saws and rulers. The joint of the base, the column, and the curved upper part has a strong structural beauty using the tenon hole and the dowel tip. Therefore, it was analyzed that the headrest of ancient Egypt had a basic structure and shape made of wood, and the sculptural beauty of the pillar part and the weaving of dowels. This can be understood as a unified form of Egyptian art that has maintained a consistent traditional beauty for about 5,000 years and created a unique formative style by the absolute king s authority and the religious afterlife formed by the ideology of nature worship.