덕유산국립공원의 어류군집 분석

Analysis of Fish Community in the Deokyusan National Park, Korea

본 연구는 덕유산국립공원의 서식지에 따른 어류상 및 어류군집의 특성을 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 덕유산국립공원의 주요 하천에서 공간균등계층추출법으로 총 16개 지점을 선정하였으며, 계절별로 3회 조사하였다. 각 서식지의 물리적 환경은 대부분 산간계류형(Aa) 및 중상류형(Aa-Ab) 하천이었으며, 하상구조는 큰돌과 자갈이 산재되어 있었다. 또한 평균고도는 540.9m, 평균 유수폭은 11.0m, 평균수심 47.3㎝로 대부분 1m를 넘지 않았으며, 하천차수는 2차~5차 하천까지 분포하였다. 서식지별 물리적 환경요인에 대하여 주성분 분석을 실시한 결과 고도에 따라 하상물질 특성이 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 어류조사 결과 출현한 어종은 총 5과 9종 1,609개체가 확인되었으며, 우점종은 참갈겨니(72.0%), 아우점종은 버들치(18.5%), 한국고유종은 쉬리를 포함하여 6종(66.7%)이었다. 어류군집의 순위풍부도 곡선 모형을 분석한 결과 16개 지점 중 7개 지점에서 Zipf 모형이 적합한 것으로 나타났으며, 선점 모형 3개 지점, 무효 모형 지점 1개 지점, 그밖에 5개 지점은 1종만이 출현하여 분석이 불가능하였다. 환경요인에 따른 어류군집의 특성을 파악하기 위해 16개 지점과 출현종을 대상으로 정준상관 분석을 실시한 결과 고도와 유수폭, 하천차수 등의 차이로 인하여 어류군집이 구분되었다.

This study was conducted to analyze the current status of fish fauna and characteristics of the fish community according to the habitat of Deokyusan National Park, Korea. The spatially balanced sampling selected 16 stations from major stream of Deokyusan National Park, and three surveys were conducted each season. The physical environments of the habitat were mostly mountain streams (Aa) and upper-middle stream (Aa-Ab), with large stones and gravels scattered over the stream. The average altitude of the habitat was 540.9m, the average flow width was 11.0m, and the average depth of water was 47.3㎝, being less than 1m in most stations, and the stream order was distributed from 2nd to 5th. The principal component analysis of the physical environmental factors by habitat showed that the substrate properties differed according to the altitude. The survey identified a total of 1,609 individuals in 9 species belonging to 5 families. The dominant species was Zacco koreanus (72.0%), subdominant species was Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (3.8%), and the Korean endemic species was 6 species (66.7%) including of Coreoleuciscus splendidus. Analysis of the rank abundance curve model in the fish community showed the Zipf at 7 out of 16 stations, the Preemption model in 3 stations, and the Null model in 1 station. The remaining 5 stations showed only 1 species and were not analyzed. The canonical correspondence analysis of 16 stations and fish species was performed to understand the characteristics of the fish community according to environmental factors. The fish communities were divided according to differences in habitat environment by the altitude, flow width and the stream order.