松菊里聚落의 編年과 社會相

On the Chronology and A Social Communities of the Songguk-ri Settlement in the Korean Bronze Age

청동기시대 후기의 송국리유적은 수전농경민이 거주한 초기 취락이다. 순서배열보충법으로 3개의 획기를 설정하였다. Ⅰ기부터 구릉을 4개소로 분할하여 거주하였는데, 구릉의 계곡부를 메워서 대지를 조성하였다. 아마도 소규모의 수전을 곡저부에 개간하였을 것이다. Ⅱ기에는 각 가족체 혹은 농업공동체 단위로 주 능선상에 대형의 고상건물을 만든 시기이다. 이 고상건물은취락을 관통하듯이 일렬로 배치되며 가옥처럼 짧은 시간동안에만 사용되었다. 수전농경민으로서의 정체성을드러내기 위한 위세적인 기념물이라고 판단된다. Ⅲ기는 수장이 등장하면서 취락은 통합된다. 수전의 확대로 식량의 잉여생산을 이루었으며, 청동기를 생산하고 또 무덤에 부장하였다. 울타리로 구획된 곡물창고 2동과 수전농경의 조상신을 모신 초대형의 사당을 조성하여, 분립된 조상의례를 통합하여 취락 구성원을 결집하고 의례의 주관자로서 수장의 지위를 강화하였다. 묘지는 독립된 구릉 말단부에 입지하며 성인묘 6기와 유아묘 2기가 분포한다. 2열을 이루면서 순차적으로 매장되었고 마지막 Ⅲ기에는 퇴장유물로서 청동기와 옥 등이 매납되었다.

Songguk-ri site, in the Late Bronze Age, exemplifies the early form of communities settled by the first paddy-field agricultural tribes in the Korean peninsular. In Period I of Songguk-ri culture when the hill was divided into four for residence, the site was developed by filling up the valley area of the hill. It is assumed that a small scale of paddy fields was cultivated at the lower spot of the valley at this time. Period II is characterized as the time when large raised buildings were constructed on the main ridge of the hill by each family or an agricultural community. These buildings were aligned in a row across the settlement, and each of them was persisting only for one generation like other houses. They are assumed to be built as monumental edifices to express the authority and identity of paddy-field agricultural tribes. In Period III, the settlement was unified by the chiefs who appeared this time. The expansion of paddy fields resulted in surplus productions. Bronzeware began to be produced and buried as grave goods. Two granaries cordoned off by fences and one large shrine for ancestor gods were constructed as the means to unify the hitherto divided communities. The graveyard was located at the end-point of the hill and consisted of six adult graves and two child graves, which had been arranged along the two lines in sequential order. The first grave was a chief’s and buried with bronzeware, jades, and stone blades as grave goods.