海東盛國 渤海朝 樂舞의 文化史的 探索

A Study on the Music and Dance of Ancient Balhae[渤海] Kingdom in the Historical Context of Culture

Ancient Balhae kingdom was a flourishing land in the East Asia that ruled Manchuria and the north region of Korean peninsula for more than 200 years(698~926 A.D) while possessing glorious culture. Balhae had its own language and developed radiant music and dance by actively accepting the culture of Chinese main land. Further, the music and dance of Balhae had been spread to Japan and influenced the development of Japanese court music and dance. The music and dance of Balhae is presumed to had been characterized by highly dynamic, energetic rhythm and movement which reflected the aggressive spirit of Malgal tribe. A representative dance of Balhae called Dapchu-gamu seems to had been a sort of group dance in which front group and following group exchange song and dance together. Its circular dance formation indicates a similar style as Ganggang-suwolrae that has been transmitted in Korea up to the present. Balhae newly composed Sinak(new dance) based on the music and dance of Goguryeo kingdom while accepting the influence of Malgal tribe who resided at Manchuria region at that time. Balhae s Sinak might be evaluated as the highest artistic level in the North-east Asia of the time. Even though the Kitan tribe s Yo dynasty occupied Balhae by force, Balhae s superior culture might have overwhelmed Yo in every respects. Balhae s Sinak had been introduced to Japan where various music and dance items of East Asia including Dangak, Oak, Ojeol, Jeonmu, Gumimu were performed as well, which proves the lively exchange of music and dance among countries in the East Asian region. Balhae s music and dance was also delivered to Japan by Balhae s envoys to be settled as the most attractive items of Japanese court dance. Japanese had a special affection and respect for Balhae s Sinak as it displayed excellent artistic level by integrating the advanced music and dance of Tang dynasty as well as those of other surrounding countries called Saiak . Japanese court music and dance made a significant progress by the acceptance of Balhae s music and dance, which indicates its high cultural status in the historical context.