三虞와 卒哭의 同異에 대한 小考

Similarities and Differences between Samwoo(三虞) and Jolgock(卒哭) : An Exploratory Study

Samwoo(三虞) and Jolgock(卒哭) are two kinds of proprieties of mourning decorums. In conventional thinking people have viewed these proprieties as separate memorial ceremonies. This viewpoint was derived from the interpretation of Li Jing(禮經) by Jeong Hyun(鄭玄) of the Later Han Dynasty and thus overturned the existing conventional idea. However, O Gyegong(敖繼公) of Yüan Dynasty insisted that Samwoo(三虞) and Jolgock(卒哭) were the same memorial ceremonies which commemorate the same day. Raising questions of the Jeong Hyun(鄭玄)’s interpretation it continued to provoke controversy at the peak of the Ching Dynasty. There were; however, a few scholars in the Joseon Dynasty who insisted that the two ceremonies were the same.The purpose of this paper is to examine the cause of the controversy and inquire if the bases of the two sides are valid respectively. First of all, I examined the primary meaning of Samwoo(三虞) and Jolgock(卒哭) based on the original text. Then I illuminated how China and the Joseon Dynasty understood the similarities and the differences of Samwoo(三虞) and Jolgock(卒哭) and investigated the weakness of the two theories. Finally, I found that current arguments were derived not from the base of Li Jing(禮經) but instead were based on the various interpretations of the book. Therefore, I propose that the conventional idea of viewing the two ceremonies differently is not an immutable theory. Besides, the identical theory can be embraced and arrives at a common view when the majority approve that the interpretation of the original book. As a result, the ritual can also be changed following the new viewpoint. We hardly have conclusive evidence but I find that the ancient interpretation before Jeong Hyun(鄭玄) which considered the two ceremonies as the same seems to be more natural to spite the pros and cons respectively.