러시아어 한글 표기법에 대한 제안

A study on the orthographic representation of Russian loan words in Korean

A number of proposals regarding the Korean spelling rules of Russian loan words have been submitted by various scholars, even though there has not been a satisfactory solution including the orthographic rules of Korean Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. The optimal spelling of loan words must not impair the phonological rules of Korean language, but at the same time perfectly verbalize the words in a foreign language. However, a certain foreign pronunciation may not exist in Korean, or the alphabetic combination of a word may not be solecistic from Korean language norms. This issue becomes problematic in the current spelling rules of loan words, and leads to a dilemma between transliteration and transcription. Thus, we suggest an appropriate Korean orthography of Russian loan words based on theoretical study in this article. No one could deny that the spelling rules must satisfy natives, not non-natives. None of foreign words could be spelled out perfectly in a native language. Therefore, we need to seek a compromise that is not only analogous to pronunciation of foreign language, but also coincides with the grammar and orthography of Korean. This study proposes five fundamental rules of spelling Russian loan words in Korean, considering each Russian consonant and vowel. The rules are as follows: 1) Russian non-aspirated consonants correspond to Korean fortis. 2) Phonological phenomenon such as vowel reduction and neutralization are not reflected in the orthography. It is because the accurate representation of phonetic value of Russian unstressed vowels is problematic in reality. 3) The voicing and devoicing of Russian consonants are reflected in the rules. A Russian devoiced consonant corresponds to a Korean aspirated consonant rather than fortis because of similarities between Korean fortis and Russian voiceless consonants. 4) Russian palatalized д and т respectively correspond to Korean ㅈ and ㅉ. Softening of consonants д and т is considered as an additional articulation of the language. 5) Russian consonants б, в, г, д, к, п, т, and ф before a voiceless consonants must be written as a final consonant of its previous syllable. And for other consonants, use a vowel ‘ㅡ’ inserted in a word-final position, or before a consonant. In accordance to this rule, Достоевский, Аксаков, Свердловск are written in ‘도스또옙스끼’, ‘악싸꼬프’, ‘스베르들롭스크’.