О некоторых культурно-исторических предпосылках старославянской двуазбучности и диграфии в славянских языках

About Some Cultural-Historical Premises of Digraphia in Old Church Slavic and its Heritage in Slavic Languages

The paper is an attempt to clarify some aspects of the Old Church Slavonic digraphia that is still important throughout the development of writing among the Slavs. Poligraphy was the significant feature of the Slavic cultural physiognomy with which they introduced themselves on the historical scene in the Old Slavic period. This cultural discrepancy put Slavs under the different influences from the East and the West throughout the entire Slavic history. As it was shown in this paper, the main structural difference between two Slavic alphabets was transformation of the syntagmatic phonological oppositions into a paradigmatic plan. The original syntagmatic function of diacritical marks in the older Glagolitic represents a harmony of syllables – palatal correlation of syllables of the late Common Slavic. With the emancipation of the y-sound and the transmission of the phonological focus on consonantism in the Old Slavic period palatal opposition became connected to the consonants, with the final transformation into the paradigmatic plan in the Cyrillic writing. Just as there is no syllable harmony in modern Slavic languages, only two known paradigmatic ways of palatalization marking exist in their writing systems. The traditional Cyrillic writing with palatalized ligatures is corresponding to the palatal correlation of the consonants, creating a large number of half-soft consonants in the East Slavic languages and the Bulgarian language. On the other hand, in the Slavic Latin literacy of the Bohemian type the diacritically marked palatal consonants clearly are singled out, unlike all the other consonants. Regarding that, the Polish Latin writing stands for itself, due to the preponderance of the palatal correlation in the Polish language that enabled the Polish to apply the Bohemian graphical model, just as in the Serbian Cyrillic which during the entire history tends to express the emancipated palatal system that exist in the Serbian language. That is the closest parallel with the Glagolitic writing, preserved only in Croatian literacy since the 12th century.