체코어와 슬로바키아어의 인칭 명사 파생과 합성 비교

A comparative study on the derivation and composition of personal nouns between Czech and Slovak

In the formation of personal nouns through suffixation in Czech and Slovak, derivation is still the most dominant principle. A relatively lesser role is being played by prefixation, although the rarely used composition is slowly increasing. These two languages are found in the West Slavonic language group and regarded as the most similar languages. Practically speaking, however, they show many differences that clearly distinguish them from each other in the inventory of consonantal and vowel sounds, in morphology like declination and conjugation, and even in vocabulary. The most striking feature in the vocabulary of personal nouns is the very frequently used words that show totally different forms, e.g., kuřak (smoker) - fajčiar, průvodce (guide) - sprievodca, dĕlnik (worker) - robotník, uklizeč (cleaner) - upratovač, kojenec (infant, nurseling) - dojča, řeznik (butcher) - masiar, vrchni (head waiter) - hlavny, etc. Except several examples in each category of personal nouns, the inventory of affixes is similar in most cases. Major patterns of derivation of personal nouns are divided into several groups according to productivity and existing items, i.e., verbal element (nouns of agents, nomina agentis), noun element (nouns of actors, nomina actoris), and adjectival element (nouns of bearers of qualities, nomina attributiva). Human female appellatives are derived by comparatively few suffixes, unlike the ranges of male humans. In addition, several simultaneous prefixation and suffixation of existing items are found as minor types of derivation; thus sometimes causing vagueness in classifying their category. Therefore, derivation and composition of personal nouns in both languages can be classified into three points: 1) existing items are the same, respectively very similar, but different from the inventory of suffixation; 2) form of suffixation is the same, respectively very similar, but different from the inventory of existing items; 3) totally different forms of derivation and composition, i.e., distinguished from affixation and inventory of existing items.