Нобеловац Иво АндриЬ: ктьижевна поетика, нација, језик Културолошки и социолингвистички аспект

Nobel Prize winner Ivo Andrić: literary poetic, nation and language

Ivo Andrić(1892-1975) was Yugoslav writer and Nobel Prize winner for Literature ( Bridge on the Drina , 1961). All Yugoslav nations at the beginning accepted that Andrić primarily belongs to the literary tradition of Serbs. Except historical aspect of his novels, which includes Andrić in this tradition, and his long political connection with Serbian (/Yugoslav) state (pro-serbian youth organization in Austro-Hungaria and later his high political position in Kingdom of Yugoslavia) - in this article I specially paid attention to Andrić s language. It is well known that Andrić, though he was iekavian (born in Travnik, Bosnia), by the time completely accepted ekavian variant of Serbian literary language. It s base is in one of the most representative dialect of Serbs, which is spoken in the greatest part of Serbia today. (Serbs in Western Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Monte Negro and Croatia are exclusive iekavian.) There were probably more reasons which led Andrić to give up Serbian iekavian and to switch to Serbian ekavian - sociolinguistic, stylistic, even political reason, which are analyzed in this article. Political crisis in Yugoslavia last decades, and even civil war (1991-1999), announced not only dividing the territory among the new states, but also dividing previous Yugoslav culture, specially among Serbs, Croats and Muslims (Bosniaks). These political and military conflicts were ended by foreign political and military (NATO) intervention against Serbs, especially in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, which also ought to has shown that Serbs and their nationalism caused disintegration of Yugoslavia. Thus, global policy has become one of the main arbiters in dividing Yugoslav heritage among new states, including literature and language. Therefore, in some new articles, especially on different internet-sites, Andrić is not presented anymore as Serbian (or Serbo-Croatian/Yugoslav) writer, and his language is not presented anymore as Serbian (or Serbo-Croatian) language. Among many forgeries, some of them are trying to show that Andrić is Croatian writer and that iekavian dialect of his Bosnian novel heroes does not belong to Bosnian Serbs. Reflections of this cultural and political problem could not avoid even far countries, like Korean community, where Andrić and his books are well known. But, the goal of this paper is to present primarily the situation in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina (especially among Muslims - Bosniaks) and Serbia. Special attention is paid to different criterions which must be used and combined in order to understand Andrić s opus and historical and national background of his work. National or confessional belonging of Andrić, or his parents, which some modem scholars take as very important, are still uncertain and even not so important for the questions - Who Andrić belongs to?