한국어-러시아어 연어변의 의미투명성 판단기준에 대한 연구

A Study on criteria for transparency of lexical meaning of collocate in Korean and Russian collocation

The purpose of this article is to provide objective criteria and tests for determining transparency of lexical meaning of collocate in Korean and Russian collocations. Previous studies on this subject have not provided clear-cut criteria for this matter, even though many scholars mentioned the importance of collocate in collocation. Three tests were proposed to determine transparency of lexical meaning of collocate; (1) substitution test with synonyms or antonyms, (2) focus construction test, (3) co-occurrence test. If lexical meaning of a collocate is not transparent, that is, opaque, the combination of more than two lexical items including the given collocate is considered to be collocation. First, if a collocate cannot be substituted with synonyms or antonyms to make a combination of two lexical items including the given collocate valid sentence, the lexical meaning of the collocate is considered to be opaque, and the combination is considered to be collocation (substitution test), e.g., дождь идёт/*приходит. Second, if a combination of two lexical items with a collocate can not be an answer to a focused question with that collocate, the combination is considered to be collocation (focus construction test), e.g. Что ты вёл вчера? *Я вёл дела. Third, if more than two bases can not be shared with one collocate in an answer to a focused question, they are considered to be collocations. On the other hand, if they can, they are free expressions (co-occurrence test), e.g., What did you wear yesterday? I wore red hat and blue jeans. ( wear hat , wear jeans are both free expressions). The third test is language specific. Thus, the expressions for wear hat, wear jeans are both collocation in Korean, whereas they are free expressions in English, Russian and many other Indo-European languages. The proposed three tests help differentiating collocations from free expressions and idioms by providing objective criteria for determining transparency of lexical meanings of collocates.