金泉 松竹里聚落의 變遷

The Rise and Fall of Gimcheon Songjukri Settlement

송죽리유적을 순서배열보충법으로 4단계로 양식편년하였다. 13km 상류의 지좌리유적 Ⅰ~Ⅵ기와 병행관계를 이룬다. 송죽리취락의 Ⅰ기는 청동기시대 조~중기의 문화가 강하며, 시기적으로는 후기에 속한다. 취락은 인접하는 가옥 소수로 이루어진 친족공동체 3개 단위로 구성된다. Ⅱ기부터는 취락의 북쪽에는 3개 지석묘(구획묘)군집으로 구성되는 묘지가 조영된다. 주거지역은 유적 전체로 확대되면서 남·북구로 분리된다. Ⅲ기에는 송국리문화의 영향은 그다지 높지 않지만 송국리유형주거지는 취락 내 절반을 넘기는 수로 증가한다. 그리고 주거의 분포는 구역이 없이 하나로 통합되며, 수장이 출현한다. 수장의 묘는 시조묘가 모셔진 북쪽 묘지가 아니라 취락의 중앙부에 대형의 상석을 개석으로 삼은 지석묘가 독립적으로 설치된다. 이 시기 신단계에는 상류의 지좌리유적에서 확인된 대홍수로 인하여 취락의 동쪽은 완전히 유실되었다. Ⅳ기에는 농경지의 매몰과 가옥의 파괴 등으로 인구가 격감하여 취락은 마침내 폐기되었다. 비파형청동검이 매납되었으며, 적색마연의 壺·淺鉢 등이 다소 부장된 특징이기도 하다. 취락은 묘지·대형가옥·청동기 소유·장기존속형 취락 등으로 거점취락으로 인정된다. 그런데 인문지리적으로 외부와의 교류가 불편한 협곡에 입지하며, 지좌리유적에서 다수가 확인된 고상건물도 검출되지 못한 것은 의문이다.

This research analyzes the development of the Songjukri settlement into four stages by using complementary seriation. The outcome shows the similarity with the four stages of the Jijwari settlement located 13km northwards from Songjukri. Stage I of Songjukri settlement, contemporary with the Late Bronze Age, is characterized by its cultures akin to the Early and Middle Bronze Age. The settlement in this stage was consisting of three family communities, each of which lived together in nearby houses. At Stage II, a graveyard with three groups of dolmens began to be built in the northern area of the settlement. Dwelling areas also began to expand to all the region and be divided into northern and southern areas in this stage. At Stage III, the influence of Songgukri culture was limited but the number of houses built in Songgukri style increased up to more than half of all buildings. The distribution of dwelling sites in this stage was more unified without separable areas, along with the appearance of the chiefdom. Dolmens with giant lid stores for chiefs were built in this stage at the center of the settlement separately from the northern graveyard for ancestors. During Stage IV, the great flood identified in the Jijwari settlement impacted this stage and the east of the settlement was completely swept away as the result. Devastations of farmlands and houses led to the radical decrease of population and then the demise of the settlement. This stage is characterized by Liaoning bronze daggers and red burnished pots and shallow bowls being used for grave goods. This long-duration settlement can be also classified as a base settlement given its burial grounds, big houses, and bronzeware uses. However, its status as a base settlement still has some questions, which need to be answered about its location at a valley disadvantageous for the communication with the outside and lack of raised buildings discovered in many at Jijwari settlement.