메이커교육의 효과성에 대한 연구

Research on the Effectiveness of Maker Education　:　 Focusing on entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intentions

4차산업혁명 시대에 등장할 주요 일자리의 특징은 협업, 소통, 창의성, 도전 정신 등 기술과 기계가 대체하지 못하는‘기업가정신’함양을 공통으로 지향하고 있다.‘기업가정신’은 성취동기, 자기통제 능력, 위험감수성향, 창의력, 자기유능감이라는 핵심가치를 포함하며, 이를 함양하기 위한 대표적인 교육 모델로는 메이커 교육을 꼽을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 메이커 교육의 단기, 반복적인 학습효과 분석을 통해 효과적인 메이커 교육 개선방안을 도출하고, 국내에 최적화된 메이커 교육의 방향성을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 메이커 교육의 대표적인 모델인 ‘메이커톤’을 중심으로 국내 학습자의 역량 및 잠재적인 성향 변화를 관찰하였으며, 메이커 교육이 지향하는 기업가정신의 핵심지표와 창업 의지를 설문조사에 반영, 분석하였다. 연구결과 참여자의 창업의지에 따라 메이커톤 교육을 통한 기업가정신 함양 효과 수준에 차이가 있었으며, 메이커톤 교육의 효과성에 참여자의 창업의지가 중요한 요인으로 작용한다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

In the age of the 4th industrial revolution that all objects are connected by convergence of technologies IoT and reached AI artificial intelligence by statistic, analysis of big data which has increased exponentially, the ability to respond to replacement human resources and shifts of industrial ecosystem is needed. Dabos forum in 2016 has predicted that about 7.1millions of jobs will be vanished and about 2.1 millions of new jobs will be created. The feature of major jobs that will be appeared in the age of 4th industrial revolution is pursuing ‘Entrepreneur spirit’ consisted of alliance, communication, creativity, challenge etc. in common that can not be replaced by technologies and machines. ‘Entrepreneur spirit’ contains core value such as achievement motivation, self-control ability, risk-taking tendancy, creativity, self-superiority. As the representative education model to foster it. There is STEAM convergence maker education. In this study, through analysis the effect of short-term and repetitive education, we try to deduce prompt and effective improvement plan and suggest direction of optimized maker training. For this, centred around ‘Makerthon’ the representative model of Maker education, we had observed ability and the change of potential deposition of learner in the country. Also had reflected the key indicator of ‘entrepreneur spirit’ and will to establish a business on the quetinnaire and analyzed it. The academic results of this study and analyzed 72 surveys and interviews. Then, we has proved two hypothesis that ‘through the Makerthone training the ‘entrepreneur spirit of students will be strengthen’, ‘through the Makertone education the students’ will to entrepreneurial intention will be increase’ As instructors, reviewed related studies about maker education and verified through depth interviews with participants and educators. As a result of the quantitative study, there was gap in level of effect, depending on the will to entrepreneurial intention. The participants will to entrepreneurial intention is a major factor of ‘Makerthon’ education’s effectiveness.