팽이형토기문화 무덤의 출현과 전개

The Emergence and Development of a Tomb with a Top-Shaped Pottery Culture

팽이형토기문화의 묘제로는 묘역식지석묘, 탁자식지석묘, 개석식 지석묘, 석관묘 등이 있는데, 이 무덤들에서 출토된 유물들은 주거지 출토의 것과 대부분 대응된다. 팽이형토기문화의 무덤을 획기하는데 가장 최적의 유물은 부장 빈도와 완형 출토 사례가 많은 석촉이다. 석촉과 시대성과 단계성이 분명한 유물 조합 관계를 고려할 때, 팽이형토기문화 주거군은 도합 6개 단계로 획기되고, 무덤군은 도합 5개 단계로 획기된다. 대응 관계는 주거군 제Ⅰ단계, 주거군 제Ⅱ단계 후반-무덤 제Ⅰ단계, 주거군 제Ⅲ단계-무덤 제Ⅱ단계, 주거군 제Ⅳ단계-무덤 제Ⅲ단계, 주거군 제Ⅴ단계-무덤 제Ⅳ단계, 무덤 제Ⅴ단계이다. 팽이형토기문화의 무덤은 주거군 제Ⅱ단계에 간헐적으로 석관묘가 조성되다, Ⅱ단계 후반에 요동 지석묘에서 거석(상석)의 아이디어를 채용하여 긴동형 묘역식지석묘가 출현한다. 묘역식지석묘는 처음에는 다장집단묘의 구조를 고수하다 점차 집단묘의 전통이 분해되면서 마지막에는 할석조 석곽을 매장주체부로 하는 개별단독묘로 마무리 된다. 그 과정은 긴동형(A형), 천진동형(B형), 평촌형(C형), 대평리형(D형), 묵방리형(E형) 묘역식지석묘의 순서로 변천된다. 개별단독묘화하는 과정에 무덤 제Ⅲ단계에 청동기를 부장한 개인묘인 석관묘와 기타 탁자식지석묘, 개석식지석묘 등도 크게 성행한다.

The burial types of a top-shaped pottery culture include burial boundary-type dolmen, table-type dolmen, grid-type dolmen, stone coffin burial, etc., and the artifacts excavated from those kinds of tombs mostly correspond to those excavated from their respective dwelling. The most optimized artifact for the periodization of tombs with a top-shaped pottery culture is the stone arrowhead, where many examples of fully-formed artifacts’s excavation, in addition to the high frequency of the burial site, are being observed. Considering the artifact association with stone arrowheads which is clear in terms of the times and the stages, the dwelling cluster and the tomb cluster of a top-shaped pottery culture are divided into six stages and five stages in total, respectively. In the case of corresponding relations, they are the stage Ⅰ of dwelling cluster, the latter part of the stage Ⅰ of the dwelling cluster - the stage Ⅰ of the tomb, the stage Ⅲ - the stage Ⅱ of the tomb, the stage Ⅳ of the dwelling cluster - the stage Ⅲ of the tomb, the stage Ⅴ of the dwelling cluster - the stage Ⅳ of the tomb, and lastly the stage Ⅴ of the tomb. For tombs with a top-shaped pottery culture, stone coffin burials were intermittently formed in the stage Ⅱ of the dwelling cluster, and Gindong-type burial boundary-type dolmen appeared after the idea of hugh stones was adopted in the dolmen of the Yodong territory at the latter part of the stage Ⅱ. Firstly, burial boundary-type dolmen adhered to the structure of multiple burials, the tradition of the collective burial generally faded, and it finally ended with single burials with stone-lined tombs of the worked stone as the main burial site. The process changes in the order of Gindong type(A type), Cheonjindong type(B type), Pyeongchon type (C type), Daepyeongri type (D type), Mukbangri type (E type), and burial boundary-type dolmen. In the process that single burials had become popular generally, the stone coffin burial, table-type dolmen, grid-type dolmen, etc., which were kinds of single burials where bronze tools were buried in the stage Ⅲ of the tomb, were also significantly prevalent.