At present, chronic liver disease accounts for approximately 2 million deaths per year worldwide. Liver injury induces a series of events causing inflammation. Chronic inflammation ends in liver fibrosis. A stage of fibrinolysis occurs on stopping insult. Kupffer cells play their role to initiate inf lammatory responses, while infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages have a role both in chronic inf lammation and fibrosis and in fibrosis resolution. Ly-6C high expressing monocytes act during fibrogenesis, while Ly-6C low expressing monocytes are restorative macrophages which promote resolution of fibrosis after end of the injury. Recent studies have identified new phenotypes, such as metabolically activated M, oxidized, which may have a role in fatty liver diseases.
Introduction
Liver Macrophages Heterogeneity
Resident Liver Macrophages (Kupffer Cells)
Kupffer Cells Initiate Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
Macrophages Decelerate Fibrogenesis
Replenishment of Kupffer Cells in Liver Injury
Migrating Monocytes/Macrohages
Macrophages Classification Variants
Variants of the Classification of Macrophages
New Phenotypes of Macrophages in Fatty Liver Diseases
Conclusion
ORCID
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References