원효와 경산

Wonhyo and Gyeongsan: Focusing on the Birthplace of Wonhyo

元曉(617~686)가 탄생하던 7세기 전후, 경산지역은 신라의 州郡制 아래에서 押梁郡이 설치되어 있었다. 압량군은 治所와 雉省火村, 麻珍良村, 奴斯火村 등으로 편제되었다. 삼국유사 ｢원효불기｣의 탄생지에 대한 검토 결과, 원효는 王京人 출신으로, 弗等乙村에서 출생한 것으로 생각된다. 원효는 압량군의 남쪽 불등을촌의 북쪽에 위치한 栗谷의 娑羅樹 아래에서 탄생했다. 불등을촌은 현재의 자인지역인 노사화촌(城)에 속했다. 당시의 지방행정체계는 하주→압량군→노사화촌(성)→불등을촌→율곡으로 상정된다. 원효가 불등을촌에서 탄생한 것은 아버지인 談捺이 노사화촌(성)에 파견된 ‘道使’였기 때문이었다. 당시 촌락구조는 노사화촌(성)[행정촌] > 불등을촌[자연촌락] > 율곡[小村]으로 보인다. 노사화촌(성)의 중심지는 현재의 자인면 소재지에 해당한다. 고고학적으로 볼 때, 노사화촌(성)은 도천산성 내에 관아가 있고, 부속촌인 불등을촌이 세트를 이룬 ‘성+촌’구조일 가능성이 있다. 불등을촌은 북사리･교촌리를 중심으로 형성되었고, 율곡은 도천산성 남쪽의 산기슭으로 추정된다.

Around the 7th century when Wonhyo(617~686) was born, the Gyeongsan area had Aprang-gun under Ju-gun(province-county) system of Silla. Aprang-gun was largely comprised of governing offices and Chiseonghwa-chon, Majinryang-chon, Nosahwa-chon. Samgukyusa(The Heritage of the Three States) As a result of review on the birthplace of ｢Wonhyobulgi｣, Wonhyo was from Wanggyeong and born in Buldeungyulchon. Wonhyo was born under the Sarasu in Yulgok that was located on the northern part of Buldeungyulchon that was southern part of Aprang-gun. Buldeungyulchon belongs to Nosahwa-chon(fortress), currently the Jain region. The local administrative system at the time was presented for Ha-ju → Aprang-gun → Nosahwa-chon(fortress) → Buldeungyulchon → Yulgok. For Wonhyo to born in Buldeungyulchon, it is attributable to the fact that his father, Dam Nal, was the ‘Dosa’ dispatched to Nosahwa- chon(fortress). The village structure seemed to be in the sequence of Nosahwa-chon(fortress)[administrative town] > Buldeungyulchon[natural village] > Yulgok[small village]. The central site of Nosahwa-chon (fortress) was applicable to the Jain-myeon location at the present time. Looking from the archaeological point of view, Nosahwa-chon(fortress) had the government office in Docheon-mountain fortress, and it is possible that Buldeungyulchon, an incidental chon(=town), could be in the structure of ‘fortress+town’ for the set. Buldeungyulchon is located in Buksa-ri and Gyochon-ri, Yulgok is presumed to be the ridge on the southern side of Docheon-mountain fortress.