浅析中国对比特币的法律规制

Brief analysis of China s legal regulations on Bitcoin

比特币（BTC）是一种基于开源P2P软件、Hash算法以及区块链技术所形成的加密数字货币。因其去中心化、不可增发、无限分割的特性，不断吸引国内外投资者竞相抢“挖”。因此，比特币从2009年现身互联网交易平台以来，价格持续走高，但其不为政府控制的弊端使其不断经历井喷式增长和跳水式下降的循环往复。虽然中国在比特币监管上实行“一刀切”的管理措施，且在相关文件上均使用“不得”字样，但比特币在中国的交易量仍居高不下，且催生出犯罪监管、金融系统、社会市场风险，不断挑战政府监管者的神经。本文在分析比特币特征以及风险的基础上，通过论述2013年发布的《关于防范比特币风险通知》和2017年发布的《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》两个文件，理清中国对比特币的监管态度，以期为国家治理比特币提供新的思路。

Bitcoin (BTC) is an encrypted digital currency based on open source P2P software, Hash algorithm and blockchain technology, which is constantly attracting domestic and foreign investors to compete for mining because of its decentralized, non-additional and infinitely segmented characteristics. As a result, bitcoin has continued to rise since its appearance on the Internet trading platform in 2009, but its drawbacks of not being controlled by the government have caused it to experience a cycle of spurt growth and diving decline. Although China implements one-size-fits-all management measures in Bitcoin regulation and uses the word must not in relevant documents, the trading volume of Bitcoin in China remains high, and it has spawned criminal supervision, financial system, and social market risks, constantly challenging the nerves of government regulators. On the basis of analyzing the characteristics and risks of Bitcoin, this paper discusses the two documents issued in 2013 and the Announcement on Preventing the Risk of Token Issuance and Financing issued in 2017, clarifying China s regulatory attitude towards Bitcoin, with a view to providing new ideas for national governance of Bitcoin.