浅谈近义词“对比”和“对照”的异同

Talking about the Similarities and Differences between the Short-meaning Words “对比” and “对照”

近义词一直是学习者和教学者的难点问题和重点问题，因此笔者选取了近义词分析。翻开语学界普遍认可的几本辞书，笔者发现各辞书中针对“对比”和“对照”的定义不完全相同，并且还发现不同辞书中针对两个词语给出的辨析标准也有很大的差别，因此笔者选取了“对比”和“对照”这一组近义词作为辨析对象。本文从“对比”和“对照”在󰡔现汉󰡕、󰡔规范󰡕和󰡔应用󰡕三本辞书的释义出发，先比较同一辞书中关于“对比”和“对照”的定义，然后分别比较三本辞书中关于“对比”和“对照”的定义。接着利用义素分析法进行“对比”和“对照”的义素辨析，分析出了“对比”和“对照”的共同义素和区别义素，并找到了二者的相同点和不同点，并且还找到了“对比”和“对照”可以互换的要求。

As the top priority in language teaching, vocabulary teaching has attracted the attention of the academic circles.As an important module in advanced teaching, the teaching of short word has also been valued by many scholars. Synonyms have always been a difficult problem and a key problem for learners and teachers. Therefore, the author selected a pair of synonyms, “对比” and “对照” with high use frequency and high error rate, as the research objects. This article starts from the interpretation of “对比” and “对照” in the three dictionaries of “现汉”, “规范” and “应用”, first compares the definitions of “对比” and “对照” in the same dictionary, and then compares the definitions of “对比” and “对照” in the three dictionaries respectively. It is found that the definitions in the three dictionaries of “现汉”, “规范” and “应用”, although they are roughly the same, but they are not exactly the same. I also found that there were also great differences in the discrimination contents given in different dictionaries. Therefore, when learning or when teaching, relying completely on dictionaries can not completely solve the problem.By using the analysis of “contrast” and “control”. The synonyms and discriminatives of “对比” and “对照” were analyzed. and the similarities and differences were found, and the requirements of “对比” and “对照” were interchangeable.