경찰공무원 입직동기에 관한 연구

A Study on the Employment Motivation of Police Recruits in Korea: Current Status and Its Impact on Self-Efficacy

이 연구에서는 신임경찰 교육훈련생을 대상으로 이들의 경찰공무원 입직동기를 식별하고, 이러한 입직동기가 자기효능감에 미치는 영향을 함께 분석해 보았다. 선행연구들과 유효표본 375명에 대한 설문조사 결과를 통해 확인된 내용은 다음과 같다. 먼저, 경찰공무원 입직동기는 요인분석을 통해 24개 문항이 6개 요인 – 직무특성, 안정성과 혜택, 중요한 타인, 권한과 지위, 취업환경, 적성과 근무환경 - 으로 분류되었다. 한국에서는 경찰업무의 고유한 가치 또는 기본적 특성이 중심이 되는 ‘직무특성’(M=5.36) 요인이 가장 중요한 경찰공무원 입직동기로 확인되었고, ‘안정성과 혜택’(M=4.93), ‘권한과 지위’(M=4.44) 요인이 보통 수준보다 높게 평가되었다. 다음으로, ‘직무특성’과 ‘중요한 타인’ 요인을 제외하고는 경찰공무원 입직동기가 성‧연령‧입직경로‧학력‧가구수입 등과 같은 배경변수에 따라 조금씩 차별적인 모습을 보이고 있었다. 이러한 연구결과를 통해 경찰공무원 입직동기의 안정성과 가변성 모두를 확인할 수 있었다. 마지막으로, 경찰공무원 입직동기는 자기효능감에 일정한 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인했다. 특히, ‘직무특성’, ‘적성과 근무환경’, 그리고 ‘취업환경’ 요인은 배경변수들이 통제된 이후에도 자기효능감에 유의미한 영향을 미치고 있었다. 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 유능한 경찰공무원 채용을 위한 과제 및 향후 연구 방향 등에 대해 살펴보았다.

In this study, the motives for entering police officers were identified for new police recruits, and the effect of these motives on their self-efficacy was also analyzed. The study was conducted through previous studies and survey results of 375 valid samples. The results are as follows. First, through factor analysis, 24 questions were classified into 6 factors which are named 6 motives for joining police officers. These were ‘job characteristics’, ‘stability and benefits’, ‘significante others’, ‘authority and status’, ‘job environment’, ‘aptitude and working environment’. In Korea, ths ‘job characteristics’(M=5.36) factor centered on the intrinsic value or basic characteristics of police work was identified as the most important motive for entering a police officer position, and ‘stability and benefits’(M=4.93) and ‘authority and status’(M=4.44) foctors were evaluated higher than normal. Second, excluding factors such as ‘job characteristics’ and ‘important others’, the motives for entering a police officer position were slightly discriminatory depending on background variables such as gender, age, career path, educational background, and household income. Through these results, both stability and variablity of the motives for joining police officers were confirmed. Finally, it was confirmed that the motives for entering a police officer position had some effects on self-efficacy. In particular, ‘job characteristics’, ‘aptitude and working environment’, and ‘job environment’ factors had a significant effect on self-efficacy even after backgound variable were controlled. Based on the results of this analysis, policies for hiring competent police officers and future research directions were examined.