중국 치박금삼채(淄博金三彩) 도자 연구

Research of Tri-Colour Pottery in Jin Dynasty, Zibo, China

치박금삼채(淄博金三彩)는 중국 산동성(山东省) 치박(淄博)시에서 제작된 삼채 도자기를 뜻한다. 삼채 예술은 당대(唐代)의 당삼채(唐三彩)를 비롯한 저온유약을 사용해 두 번 소성하는 기법을 사용하는 도자기이며 중국도자 역사에 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 치박금삼채의 역사적 배경과 제작과정을 중심으로 진행되었다. 치박요(淄博窯)는 중국의 팔대요지 ① 월주요(越州窑) ② 요주요(耀州窑) ③ 용천요(龙泉窑) ④ 경덕진요(景德镇窑) ⑤ 자주요(磁州窑) ⑥ 건양요(建阳窑) ⑦ 정요(定窑) ⑧ 균요(钧窑)중 자주요(磁州窑)의 한 부분으로써 중국 동북삼성의 중요한 요지이다. 또한 당삼채의 영향을 받아 삼채도자를 제작하기 시작했으며 현대에 들어와서는 금삼채(金三彩)로 불리게 되었다. 중국 치박금삼채의 제작과정과 소성방법을 알아보았다. 삼채는 ① 당삼채 ②요삼채(辽三彩) ③송삼채(宋三彩) ④금삼채(金三彩) 등이며 이는 주로 납(Pb) 성분이 함유된 저온 유약으로 여러 가지 광물로 인해 다양한 색을 띠는 특징이 있다. 당삼채가 주로 명기(明器)를 제작한 반면 금삼채는 주로 생활용품을 제작한 것 또한 특징이다. 다양한 문양과 장식기법을 통해 치박금삼채의 작품 특성을 연구하였다. 문양은 주로 식물문양을 사용하였는데 이는 당시 산동지역의 문화적 특징 이였다. 또한 각화(刻花), 획화(划花), 척화(剔花), 인화(印花)등의 장식 기법이 사용되었다. 제작된 비율을 보면 대부분 생활 용기지만 장난감이나 조형물 또한 함께 제작되었는데, 이를 통해 당시 도공과 서민들의 심미관을 볼 수 있다. 현대에서는 전통을 이어가는 도예가 들과 전통과 현대를 융합하여 새로운 삼채도자기를 만드는 작가 두 명을 소개 하였다.

Zibo Three-Colour Glazed Pottery means the three-colour glazed pottery which was made in Zibo, China. Three-colour glazed pottery art,included the three-colour pottery of Tang Dynasty, is a kind of art in Tang Dynasty which means using cryogenic glaze and twice the molding method to create the Chinese Pottery. It is an important method of Chinese Pottery history. I sincerely learned about the history of Zibo Three-Colour Glazed Pottery, and did some research about the kiln site. Zibo Kiln is one of the eight Chinese biggest kiln site, also it is one of the most important kiln site of the three northeast provinces. The pottery art of Zibo is influenced by the three-colour glazed pottery of Tang Dynasty, then became the well-known modern three-colour glazed pottery of Jin Dynasty. The technical characteristic of Zibo Three-Colour Glazed Pottery is very different, I did some research about the production process and molding method. The three-colour glazed pottery is well-known by Tang, Liao, Song and Jin Dynasty which is mainly use cryogenic glaze which include lead composition to coloring it. Also, it contains a variety of minerals which helps it to express more colors. This combination is a traditional way to make the three-colour glazed pottery. In addition, for the purpose, the three-colour glazed pottery of Tang Dynasty is mainly use for normal life, not as the funerary object. The characteristic of the Zibo Three-Colour Glazed Pottery is different as the pattern and decoration technique. The pattern of plant, which is the cultural feature of Shandong, is mainly used on the pottery pattern. They also use several techniques to do the decoration, such as curving, scratching, picking and printing to leave the flower shape on the pottery, and make the different type of pottery. The research of several types of work shows how Zibo Three-Colour Glazed Pottery is being using in Jin Dynasty. Even though they are mainly used as normal life object, they are also use for toys and art formwork as the exhibits. It shows the artistic aesthetic of the citizens and potters in Jin Dynasty. I learned about the modern three-colour glazed pottery and studied the way of expression between ancient and modern. Now, there are two types of pottery artists working in this area, one is trying to imitate the ancients, and the another is trying to innovate. Both of them are helping the development of the pottery art.