МОНГОЛ ХЭЛЭНД УУРЛАХ ХИЛЭГНЭХ ҮЙЛДЭЛ ИЛЭРХИЙЛЭХ НЬ

Expression of anger in Mongolian

This brief article is a continuation of the author’s observations and research findings on verbal and non-verbal means of expressing the rather active and productive speech acts of laughter and smiling, fear, crying, and anger in Mongolian. In previous studies, the author attempted to analyze the basic qualities, specific semantic features, and means of expression, as well as their forms, structures, functions, and semantic peculiarities of the modern Mongolian speech acts of laughter and smiling, fear, and crying, based on Mongolian literary examples. Along this same vein, in this article, the author observes how these speech acts are expressed and how they are formed based on examples from the characters of the bestselling novel Tungalag Tamir by Ch. Lodoidamba, identifying and categorizing the features and distinctive traits, and the characters’ expressions of these three emotions based on specific events that happen in the story development. Based on the author’s attempt to identify the three highest frequency, relatively productive speech acts among the many forms of emotional states of the main characters and supporting characters in the above-mentioned selected literary work — i.e., laughter, fear, and crying — and their interrelationships, this article similarly studies the speech act of anger. This time, the primary objective is to expand the linguistic data expressing the features, methods of expression, usages, and forms. Based on the author’s previous research findings, multiplicity of verbs denoting ‘laugh’, ‘cry’, ‘fear’, and ‘anger’ in the Mongolian language have unique interrelationships, and form a major semantic field expressing human emotions, and can overlap with each other in specific contexts. The Mongolian speech act of anger is semantically broad in scope, and in terms of expression, it is comparatively productive, as it can be expressed with both analytical and synthetic linguistic methods with almost any level of language usage. Based on the above-mentioned considerations, the following points can be highlighted: - The speech act of anger, a major feature of Mongolian language speech acts, can be expressed at both the basic and peripheral levels, and is relatively productive. - This speech act is a productive action, which is expressed not only by phonetic means and usages, but also by non-linguistic factors and non-verbal usages. - Among the other speech acts, the speech act of anger is most closely related to fear and crying, to which it has both direct and indirect connections. This speech act has features which contrast with laughter, but if this speech act occurs because of fear, then it is an action leading to the speech act of crying.