취업한 발달장애인의 경제특성과 건강특성이 생활만족도에 미치는 영향

The Effects of Economic Characteristics and Health Characteristics on Life Satisfaction of Employed Persons with Developmental Disabilities: Mediating Effect of Self-Esteem

발달장애는 다른 장애유형과 달리 젊은 연령층에서 장애출현이 매우 높게 나타나는 특징이 있어 발달장애 지원을 위한 개별법 2014년「발달장애인의 권리 보장 및 복지지원에 관한 법률」이 제정되었다. 하지만 일상생활에서 발달장애인의 생활만족은 자립생활 사회통합패러다임 확산으로 장애인 당사자주의가 뿌리는 내린 최근에서야 관심이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 취업한 발달장애인의 경제특성과 건강특성이 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 경로에서 자아존중감의 매개효과를 검증하였다. 연구 자료는 2020년 실시한 장애인고용패널조사(PSED) 2차 웨이브 5차 조사결과 중에서 취업한 발달장애인 자료를 표본으로 추출하여 분석하였다. 요인분석과 매개효과 분석은 SPSS V26을 활용하여 수행했으며, 매개효과 유의성 검증은 SPSS Process Macro Ver. 4.1로 검증하였다. 분석 결과 첫째, 취업한 발달장애인의 경제특성 중에서 경제적 어려움은 생활만족도에 부(-)의 영향을 미쳤고(β=-.186, p<.001), 건강특성 중에서 건강상태는 정(+)의 영향을(β=.346, p<.001), 타인도움필요는 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다(β=-.173, p<.001). 둘째, 발달장애인의 경제특성 중에서 수급자 여부와 생활만족도 경로에서 자아존중감은 완전매개효과를 나타내었다. 셋째, 발달장애인의 건강특성인 건강상태, 타인도움필요가 생활만족도에 연향을 미치는 경로에서 자아존중감은 부분매개효과가 나타났다. 이를 근거로 취업한 발달장애인의 생활만족도를 향상시키기 위하여 자아존중감과 건강상태를 활용하는 실천적인 전략을 제안하였다. 우선 발달장애인의 건강특성이 경제특성보다 생활만족도에 더 강한 영향을 미치는 점에 착안하여, 발달장애인의 사회활동참여를 확대하는 전략과 함께 4차 산업혁명 기술을 채택한 ICT 플랫폼을 이용하는 방안을 제안하였다. 발달장애인의 자아존중감을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로는 장애인 고용기업과 장애인복지관을 연계하는 방법, 동료상담이 가능한 형태로 작업조를 편성하는 방법을 제안하였다. 그리고 발달장애인에게 활동지원서비스를 제공하는 활동지원사를 발달장애인의 지지쳬계로 활용할 수 있도록 활동지원사양성 교육과정을 조정하는 제도적인 방안을 제안하였다.

Developmental disabilities collectively refer to intellectual disabilities and autistic disorders, and unlike other types of disabilities, the prevalence of disability is very high among young people. Individual Act to Support Developmental Disabilities In 2014, 「Act on Guarantee of Rights and Welfare Support for Persons with Developmental Disabilities」 was enacted. However, interest in the life satisfaction of people with developmental disabilities in daily life is increasing only recently, when the individualism of persons with disabilities has taken root due to the spread of the independent living and social integration paradigm. This study verified the mediating effect of self-esteem in the path that economic and health characteristics of employed people with developmental disabilities affect life satisfaction. The research data was analyzed by extracting data from those with developmental disabilities who were employed from among the results of the second wave of the second wave of the 2020 Employment Panel Survey for Persons with Disabilities(PSED) as a sample. Factor analysis was performed using SPSS V26, and correlation, normality analysis, and descriptive statistics for major variables were performed to verify normality necessary for hypothesis verification. Based on this, causal relations and mediating effects were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis. The validation of the significance of mediating effects was conducted in SPSS Process Macro Ver. 4.1. As a result of the analysis, first, it was found that the economic characteristics and health characteristics of the employed people with developmental disabilities had an effect on life satisfaction. Second, among the economic characteristics of persons with developmental disabilities, self-esteem showed a fully mediated effect in whether they were a recipient or not in the path of life satisfaction. Third, in the path that the health characteristics of the developmentally disabled, such as health status and need for help from others, had a positive effect on life satisfaction, self-esteem had a partial mediating effect. Based on this, a practical strategy to utilize self-esteem and health status was proposed to improve the life satisfaction of employed people with developmental disabilities. First, paying attention to the fact that the health characteristics of people with developmental disabilities have a stronger effect on life satisfaction than economic characteristics, we proposed a strategy to expand participation in social activities of people with developmental disabilities and a plan to use the ICT platform adopting the 4th industrial revolution technology. In addition, in order to improve the self-esteem of people with developmental disabilities, a method of linking a company employing the disabled and a welfare center for the disabled, and a method of organizing a working group in a form that allows for peer counseling were suggested. In addition, a systematic proposal was made to adjust the activity support training curriculum so that active volunteers who provide activity support services for the severely disabled can be used as a support system for people with developmental disabilities.