외국인투자유치정책 수립 메커니즘과 각국 사례연구

Inward Foreign Direct Investment Policy Model and Country Case Study: Based on England, Singapore, Malaysia, Ireland, and South Korea

본 고에서는 각 나라별로 특이한 입지적 상황과, 산업구조, 역사적 배경을 고려해 외국인투자정책을 수립하는 메커니즘에 관한 연구모형을 제시하는 것을 기본 목적으로 한다. 세부적인 내용으로는 첫째, 외국인투자에 관한 이론적 배경을 살펴보고, 정책적 의의를 모색한다. 둘째, 외국인투자효과에 부응하는 투자유치정책과 거시경제정책, 산업경제정책, 기업정책과의 연관관계를 살펴보고, 외국인투자유치 정책수립 모형을 제시한다. 당 모형에서는 목표선정 메커니즘과 이에 부합하는 촉진과 규제수단, 선정과정을 논의한다. 본 논문에서 제시하고 투자유치정책모형의 타당성을 검증하기 위하여 우리나라를 비롯한 영국, 싱가포르, 말레이시아, 아일랜드의 사례분석을 실시한다. 결론적으로 외국인투자유치효과를 극대화하기 위하여 어떤 분야에 전략적으로 확장 적용할 것인지를 토의한다.

The purpose of this paper is to suggest an inward foreign direct investment (FDI) policy model and to investigate policy changes by major countries. The inward FDI is getting more attentions from both academic and policy makers as national economic policy because it has many benefits such as procurement of required capital, job increase, technology transfer, and increase of international competitiveness. Each country, regardless of its degree of economic maturity, is therefore putting serious efforts on hosting inward FDI. Both regulations and promotions for inward FDI as national industrial policy need to consider economic environments as well as industrial competitiveness. Several results were found from this study. First, Korea national policy for inward FDI has been changed, and this policy has to be more strategic than before. Second, industrial competitiveness is found to be one of the most important factor in hosting FDI because of economic development of each country. Third, the process integration of products or services using international value chain is more appealing in the world with the help of information, communication and technology. Fourth, the national policy has to be competitive compared to other countries so that it can be considered as national marketing activities in the context of global policy market. It is of course to accept a criticism from readers due to exploratory study results. At the same time the utility of this paper can be enhanced by performing a field study to validate the suggested model.