인도네시아 자바(Java) 여성들의 토착적 이미지에 대한 문화인류학적 고찰

The aim of this article is to define the various indigenous images of Javanese women reflected in Javanese folklore data such as mythologies, legends and folktales and the socio-economic images of women in traditional Javanese society whose culture was based on wet-rice agriculture and intense rice cultivation. In so doing, it intensively analyses Javanese oral traditions and also ethnographic descriptions on Javanese society in the 1950s and 1960s when Javanese society had not yet opened extensively to Westernised modern culture. The structure of this article is as follows. Firstly, this article brings into light the ‘complementary’ and ‘mediatory’ images of Javanese women. Secondly, it proceeds to talk about some contested indigenous images of Javanese women, that is, their independent-interdependent images. Thirdly, it takes into consideration ethical egalitarianism in Javanese indigenous traditions [kekawean including hukum agami Jawi and adat Jawi], which allowed Javanese women to find an ethical favour, egalitarian equality, in the shadow of orthodox Islamc prescriptions. Lastly, after summarising the aforementioned images of Javanese women, this article attempts to briefly compare the indigenous images of Javanese with nationalised and modernised images of women.