베트남 土地改革에 관한 硏究

Land reform in Vietnam was initiated for the completion of anti-imperialistic, anti-feudalistic revolution as well as for the pursuit of peasants' economic and social objectives. Land reform was made possible with the establishment of anti-feudalistic land-owning system on the one hand, and the collapse of French colonial imperialism and the strengthening of peasants' and labor classes' political status on the other. Land reform was first officially mentioned at the opening address of inauguration meeting of Vietnamese Communist Party. Since then the land reform was pursued through mobilization of mass political force. Through the reform 810,000 hectares of lands were collected and distributed to 8,323,632 peasants which were equivalent to 72.8% of the total rural population. In addition, 1,846,000 farm machines and implements, 106,448 cows and 148,565 of houses were distributed to peasants, too. Through these reform measures, agricultural productive capacity was heightened, and the political control and the state power were consolidated. As a result, necessary wartime economic system as well as the foundations for implementing socialistic agricultural policy were established. However, due to some reasons such as the lack of proper study and investigation on rural areas, difficulties of categorizing classes, ignorance of staffs on their duties, rural political structures that hardly understood the objective, significance, implementing process and policy line of land reform brought about serious social disorder. Eventually there occurred disappointing instances like 860,000 refugees from North to South, massive peasant revolt in Nge An province, drop in agricultural productive capacity, split in the village communal society, decline of peoples' confidence on the party's policy and control. Subsequent policy measures to transform its economic structure to the USSR- or PRC-like collective system was not successful too, because it brought about declines in the peoples' will to increase their productive capacity.