日露戦争開戦期の新体詩研究

A Study on the New-Style Poetry during the Opening Period of the Russo-Japanese War: Focussing on the Magazine Taiyo

本稿では日露戦争開戦期の新体詩を雑誌『太陽』を中心に考察した。 まず、総合雑誌『太陽』には、日露戦争開戦と共に河井酔茗の新体詩が掲載されていた。詩｢露国公使を送る｣では、日露の互いが｢文明国｣であることを強調し、公使の無事帰国を祈っていた。しかし、詩｢敵艦来｣では、蒙古襲来を重ねながら｢敵艦｣の到来を警告することで、人々の敵愾心と戦意高揚というプロパガンダとしての役割を果たしていた。 次に、雑誌『太陽』には、軍歌、漢詩、俳句、文芸時評など、様々な戦争関連の言説が掲載されていた。武田千代三郎の4篇の軍歌では、ロシアを ｢世界の公敵｣、｢人道の敵｣として定義し、この戦争が<聖戦>であることを強調していた。また、大和田建樹も軍歌の作詞に動員されていた。 最後に、大町桂月は｢戦時の文壇｣という評論で、｢時勢｣を反映した｢大文学｣への転換を促していたが、<正法>を<正名>に、｢正法の賊｣を｢人道の敵｣にデフォルメした太田玉茗の詩｢征露の歌｣がその例であろう。また、詩｢兵士の母｣と｢兵士の妻｣を通じて、息子の犠牲を悲しまない｢健気｣な母と、出征した夫に代わって家庭を守るたくましい妻という<銃後女性の理想像>を構築·確立していた。

In the present article, I analyse the new-style poem during the opening period of the Russo-Japanese War by taking a particular look at the magazine Taiyo. Firstly, the general magazine Taiyo includes the new-style poem by Suimei Kawai during the opening period of the Russo-Japanese War. In the poem Seeing off the Russian Minister, he emphasised that both countries are ‘civilised countries’ and prayed for the safe return of the minister, Rosen. In the poem The Enemy Ship Has Come, however, the author warns the arrival of enemy ship in connection with the Mongol Invasion, and the work served as the propaganda for people’s hostility and rising of their fighting spirit. Secondly, the magazine Taiyo contains military poems, haiku, Chinese poetry, and literature critique. In his four military poems, Chiyosaburō Takeda defined Russia as the mutual enemy of the world or the enemy of humanity, and he emphasised that the war was a ‘holy war’. Also, Tateki Ōwada was asked to create military poems. Finally, in the critique The Literary World in the Wartime, Keigetsu Ōmachi promoted the shift to the ‘great literature’ that reflects the ‘current situation’. An illustrative example of this is Tateki Ōwada’s poem, Conquering Russia, where ‘正法’ was referred to as ‘正名’, and ‘正法の賊’ as ‘人道の敵’. Further the ‘ideal image of a woman as a home front’ was constructed and established through the poems The Mother of a Soldier and The Wife of a Soldier, such as an ‘admirable’ mother who does not deplore the sacrifice of her son and a wife who maintains her family on behalf of her husband.