재일사회와 유교문화의 공과(功過)

The Success and Failure of the Confucian Culture and the Korean Society in Japan: Focusing on Criticisms and Overcoming Debates of Korean Women in Japan against the Patriarchal Confucian Culture

This paper looks at the contents of the feudal Confucian thought culture that was introduced to the Korean Peninsula, which had a great influence on the daily life (events), family relations, and family life of the Japanese society after liberation, and the 3rd and 4th generations against them. This is a discussion of the significance of the concrete counterarguments and the formation of discourse among the Korean women living in Japan, as well as the aspects of practical improvement. This paper assumes women living in Japan as one subject, and confirms their counterarguments and ideas, and their willingness to improve their family life through voices and remarks from within such subjects. As can be confirmed through the remarks and discussions of the women living in Japan at the roundtable discussions introduced in this paper as well as their self-stories, through the transformation of the society in Japan that has escaped from the restraints of patriarchal Confucian thought and the gender-related division of labor and also through anguish and recommendations for marriage, family, marital relationships, childcare education, profession, etc., we are currently living in Japan in the universal dimension of human beings, including not only women but also men, gender equality and democratic families, and even democracy. It was confirmed that we are proceeding with the construction of a society in Japan.

本稿は解放後、在日社会の日常(行事)、家族関係、家庭生活などに大きな影響をおよぼした朝鮮半島伝来の封建的儒教思想と文化の中身を見てみながら、これらに対する3、4世代在日女性たちの具体的な反論と談論の形成、そして実践的改善の様相を捉えて、その意義を論じたものである。本稿は朝鮮半島伝来の儒教文化が日本社会内で在日社会が民族的マイノリティとして自分たちのアイデンティティを堅持するに必要不可欠な生活様式として働いたという肯定的な側面も認めるものの、その具体的な生活様式や文化においては圧倒的に女性たちに過重なる負担を与え、構造的な矛盾をはらんでいた。本稿は在日女性を一人の主体として想定し、そのような主体内部からの声、発言を通じて、彼女たちの反論と思想、家庭生活における改善の意志を確認した。本論で紹介した在日女性たちの座談会での発言と議論、自己物語を通じても確認できるように、家父長的儒教思想とジェンダー化した性別分業の束縛から脱皮した在日社会の変革、そして、結婚、家庭、夫婦関係、育児教育、職業などに対する苦悶と提言を通じて、われわれは現在在日社会が女性だけでなく、男性までをも含めた人間普遍の次元で両性平等と民主的家庭、さらに民主的在日社会の構築へと進んでいっていることが確認できた。