Fire Risk Assessment of Energy Storage System Based on Case Studies Using Risk Matrix Method

Fire Risk Assessment of Energy Storage System Based on Case Studies Using Risk Matrix Method

Energy Storage System (ESS) is a facility that can store electricity and supply power when needed, and is a very necessary element for new and renewable energy generation. Thermal runaway fires can occur due to various causes in ESS. These fires can cause different damage depending on the building structure and other building disaster prevention facilities. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the fire risk by deriving the frequency of occurrence of the cause of fire in the ESS and checking the severity factor that determines the damage scale. In this study, fire risk assessment of ESS was performed using risk matrix method. The risk assessment was conducted based on data collected based on fire cases and field investigations. Through risk assessment, it was confirmed that the main causes of ESS fires were EMS/BMS errors and battery abnormalities. In addition, as the structure of the ESS building is fire-resistant, the fire compartment is set, and the separation distance between battery facilities is larger, the damage caused by a fire is smaller.