북한의 장애인보호법 체계와 과제

North Korea’s Protection of Persons with Disabilities Act System and Tasks: SDGs 10. Support Measures to Ensure the Rights and Roles of the Masses as a State Entity

본 연구에서는 북한의 장애인보호법 및 2021년 발표한 자발적 국가검토 보고서, 장애인 실태를 분석함으로서 북한의 SDG-10. 국가 주체로서 인민대중의 권리 및 역할보장을 위한 지원방안을 제시하고 있다. 북한의 장애인 관련 법률은 『장애자보호법』, 『사회보장법』, 『년로자보호법』, 『보통교육법』, 『아동권리보장법』, 『로동법』, 『의료법』 등이 있다. 북한의 원전 자료인 노동신문, 신년사, 장애인 관련 법률 문헌 분석과 북한이탈주민들의 심층면접을 진행했다. 북한은 장애인 권리가 만족스럽게 보호되기 위해 2003년 『장애자보호법』을 채택했으며, 2013년에 수정·보완했다. 북한이 제출한 인권이사회 국가별 정례인권검토(UPR) 실무그룹 제6차 회기에서는 교육과 치료를 받고 자기의 희망과 재능에 따라 직업을 선택하고 다른 사람들과 동등한 권리를 가지고 문화생활을 향유한다고 강조했다. 하지만, 2009년 보편적 정례검토 실무그룹에 제출한 보고서에 따르면 장애인의 권리에 관한 협약의 비준을 고려할 것을 경고했다. 본 연구의 분석 결과, 북한의 장애인보호법은 장애인 복지의 향상을 위한 법규의 내용이 남한의 장애인복지법에 비해 매우 빈약하다고 평가된다. 또한 SDG-10 이행에 대한 북한이 보고한 내용과 다르게 장애인들의 노동시간과 노동의 나이가 준수되지 않았다. 또한 장애인의 교육이 잘 이루어지지 않고 있었으며 치료도 제대로 받지 못하고 있음을 알 수 있었다.

In this study, North Koreas SDG-10. It proposes support measures to guarantee the rights and roles of the masses as a state entity. In North Korea, laws related to the disabled include the ｢Disabled Persons Protection Act｣, ｢Social Security Act｣, ｢The Elderly Protection Act｣, ｢Ordinary Education Act｣, ｢Children Rights Guarantee Act｣, ｢Labor Act｣, and ｢Medical Act｣. Analysis of the Rodong Sinmun, New Year's Address, and legal literature related to the disabled, which are North Korean nuclear sources, and in-depth interviews with North Korean defectors were conducted. North Korea adopted the Disabled Persons Protection Act in 2003 to ensure that the rights of persons with disabilities are satisfactorily protected, and amended and supplemented in 2013. At the 6th session of the Human Rights Council's National Periodic Review (UPR) working group submitted by North Korea, it was emphasized that they receive education and treatment, choose a profession according to their wishes and talents, and enjoy a cultural life with equal rights with others. did. However, a report submitted to the Working Group for Universal Periodic Review in 2009 warned against considering ratification of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. As a result of the analysis of this study, it is evaluated that North Korea's Act on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities is very weak compared to South Korea's Welfare Act for the Disabled. Also, contrary to what North Korea reported on the implementation of SDG-10, the working hours and working age of the disabled were not observed. In addition, it was found that the education of the disabled was not carried out well and that they were not receiving adequate treatment. Therefore, in order to empower and promote social, economic, and political inclusion for all by 2030, it is necessary to first establish a comprehensive social welfare facility for the disabled and provide various social services. Above all, in the context of limited access to and use of information in North Korea, the UN has suggested that if North Korea requests it, it will support policy development and information collection and analysis at the macro level.