전통 형이상학 비판으로서의 니체의 비극해석

Nietzsche's Interpretation of Tragedy as a Critique about the Traditional Metaphysics

According to Heidegger, Nietzsche is the philosopher who has completed the traditional metaphysics of the europe. The traditional metaphysics has reached the climax in the shape of the metaphysics of the subjectivity. So Nietzsche is the metaphysician of the subjectivity and the essential principle of Nietzsche's philosophy i.e. the will to power is the principle of the subjectivity. But Nietzsche couldn't accept this interpretation. For Nietzsche has criticized the very traditional metaphysics among which Heidegger has included the Nietzsche's philosophy. Even If we consent to the hermeneutical maxim such as "all understanding is misunderstanding", it isn't easy to accept this opposite positions. How do we understand this difference? It seems to me that Heidegger has interpreted the Nietzsche's philosophy unfairly. This means that he focuses on the will to power as the metaphysical principle while overlooking the others, especially the early tragic thought. And the tragic thought is the criterion of critique and the alternative of the traditional metaphysics. We have two possibilities. First of all, if we agree with the selective interpretation of Heidegger, we can question "is the will to power the principle of the subjectivity?" Second, if we don't tolerate such a understanding, we can try to correct the unfairness of Heidegger's position. In this dissertation, I want to discuss about this second possibility. In order to correct the selective interpretation, it is necessary to focus on the early tragic thought, in other words the aesthetic metaphysics or artist-metaphysics. Nietzsche thinks the art as the anti-nihilistic activity. And according to Nietzsche, this artistic vision is very well disclosed in greek tragedies. In greek tragedies, we can find that the Greeks has the power to affirm the meaningless life and world which Nietzsche explains as the dionysian. Of course the dionysian always needs the apollonian. This metaphors are not only metaphors but also the cardinal elements that make up Nietzsche's early standpoint. And this affirmative tragic vision can be compared with the speculative and teleological thought about the tragic. It is Hegel's opinion. According to Hegel, the tragedy consists in the reconciliation of the two conflicting ethical powers(Sittlichkeit in Hegel's term). To him, the conflict is not autonomous. It is forced to reach the reconciliation by the power of the Spirit. So the standpoint of Hegel's tragedy can be expressed the tragedy of the reconciliation. This comparison between Nietzsche and Hegel can be accomplished via the problematic philosopher, that is, Socrates in which Nietzsche and Hegel has had interest concerning the theme of the tragedy.