近代以来中国土地制度的历史变迁与启示（1851—1949）

The Historical Change and Contemporary Enlightenment of China’s Land System since Modern Times (1851-1949)

近代以来的中国土地制度经历了数次变迁，虽然部分变迁只是尝试性的探索，但是具有较强的现实意义。自1851年至1949年期间，包括『天朝田亩制度』、孙中山的“平均地权”思想、土地革命时期的『井冈山土地法』』与『兴国土地法』以及解放战争时期的『中国土地法大纲』。这些土地制度的变迁具有鲜明的特点，生产力与生产关系决定近代中国土地制度的变迁、封建思想的桎梏阻碍着近代中国土地制度的变迁、自发性与强制性统一于近代中国土地制度的变迁、革命事业的成果源自于近代中国土地制度的变迁。回顾近代以来中国土地制度的历史变迁告诉我们，要健全土地制度的法律法规、坚持保护农民利益为根本、加强公有制的地位不动摇、构建新时代土地经营体系才能够保证中国土地制度的健康有序发展，从而为推动乡村振兴奠定基础与提供保障。

Chinese land system has gone through several changes since modern times. Although some transformations are only tentative explorations, they have strong practical significance. During the period from 1851 to 1949, it included the National Land System, Sun Yat-sen’s idea of “equal land rights”, Jinggangshan Land Law and Xingguo Land Law during the Agrarian Revolution, as well as Outline of Chinese Land Law during the Liberation War. The changes of the land system has a distinct characteristics, productivity and production relations decide the change of land system in modern China, and the shackles of feudal ideas hindering such changes, moreover spontaneity and compulsory unification has carried out on the basis of the change of land system, while the cause of revolution in modern China emerging from such transformations.Review since modern times of China tell us the history of the land system change, we will improve the system of land laws and regulations, adhere to protect farmers’ interests, strengthen the position of public ownership is not moved, build a new era of agricultural management system can guarantee the healthy and orderly development of China’s land system, thus to promote the rural revitalization of the foundation and guarantee.