효율적인 탄소저감을 위한 CCUS와 배출권거래제와의 관계 구축에 대한 연구

The Study on the Establishment of relationship between CCUS and emission trading system for efficient carbon reduction

지구온난화로 인한 기후재난 또는 기후위기로 인해 많은 문제점들이 나타나고 있다. 그래서 많은 국가들은 온실가스 감축목표를 정해서 탄소제로(net zero)를 향해 나아가고 있다. 우리나라도 기후위기 대응을 위한 탄소중립ㆍ녹색성장 기본법(이하 탄소중립기본법이라 한다.)을 제정하여 대응하고 있다. 우리나라는 다른 나라들처럼 2050년 탄소제로를 달성하기 위해 CCUS 기술이 필수불가결함을 인지하고 있다. 그래서 탄소중립기본법 제34조에서 탄소포집ㆍ이용ㆍ저장기술의 육성에 관한 조문을 두고 “탄소포집ㆍ이용ㆍ저장기술” 개발과 발전을 지원하기 위한 시책을 마련하도록 하였으며, 탄소포집ㆍ이용ㆍ저장기술의 실증을 위한 규제특례 등에 관하여는 따로 법률로 정하도록 하고 있다. 이에 CCUS 기술을 적용하기 위해 CCUS 단일 법안을 정비하고 있다. 한편으로 우리나라는 ｢온실가스 배출권의 할당 및 거래에 관한 법률｣이 시행중이다. 그런데 우리나라보다 먼저 배출권거래제도를 시행하고 있는 EU ｢배출권거래법｣에서는 2009년에 탄소포집저장 지침(EU CCS Directive)이 제정되면서 EU 배출권거래지침(Emissions Trading Directive)도 개정이 이루어졌다. 개정에 따르면 EU ETS는 CCS에 대한 주요 인센티브를 제공하고 EU 법적 프레임워크에 따르면 포집되어 안전하게 저장된 CO2는 ETS에서 “배출되지 않음”으로 간주된다. 또한 2003/87/EC를 수정한 2018년 지침(EU) 2018/410에서는 CCUS와 관련하여 개정을 하였다. 즉, 무료로 할당될 수 있는 수량에서 3억 2,500만 허용량과 제10조에 따라 경매될 수 있는 수량에서 7,500만 허용량은 저탄소 기술 및 프로세스의 혁신을 지원하는 데 사용할 수 있다고 하면서 기후변화 완화에 실질적으로 기여하는 환경적으로 안전한 탄소 포집 및 활용(“CCUS”)을 포함하고 있다. EU의 배출거래법을 통해 시사점을 얻고 이를 바탕으로 한국은 CCUS 단일법안을 제정하게 되면 배출권거래법에서 어떤 규정들을 규정해야 하는지 알아보았다. 또한 CCUS 법안에서는 배출권거래제도를 반영하기 위해 어떤 내용들이 규정되어야 하는지 방안을 제시하였다.

This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (20214710100040,CCUS 법률안 정비 및 수용성을 포함한 제도적 기반 구축). Many problems are appearing due to climate disasters or global warming. Therefore, many countries are moving towards ‘net zero’ policy by setting greenhouse gas reduction targets. Korea is also responding to the climate crisis by enacting the Carbon Neutral and Green Growth Framework Act (so called the Carbon Neutral Framework Act). Korea, like other countries, recognizes that CCUS technology is indispensable to achieve ‘zero carbon’ by 2050. Therefore, in Article 34 of the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality, there was a provision on the promotion of carbon capture, use and storage technology to prepare policies to support the development of “carbon capture, use, and storage technology.” Special regulations for the demonstration of technology are to be separately stipulated by law. In order to apply CCUS technology, the CCUS single bill is being revised. Meanwhile, in Korea, the “Act on Allocation and Trade of Greenhouse Gas Emission Permits” is in effect. However, in the EU Emissions Trading Act, which implemented the emission trading system earlier than Korea, and the EU CCS Directive was enacted in 2009 and the EU Emissions Trading Directive was also revised. According to the amendments, the EU ETS provides the important incentive for CCS, and according to the EU legal framework, CO2 captured and safely stored is considered “not released” by the ETS. In addition, the 2018 Directive (EU) 2018/410, which amended 2003/87/EC, made amendments in relation to CCUS. That is, the 325 million allowance in quantities that can be allocated free of charge and 75 million allowances in quantities that can be auctioned under Article 10 can be used to support innovation in low-carbon technologies and processes. contributing to environmentally safe carbon capture and utilization (“CCUS”). Based on the lessons learned from the EU's Emissions Trading Act, we investigated what regulations should be stipulated in the Emissions Trading Act when Korea enacts the single CCUS Act. In addition, the CCUS Act suggested what contents should be stipulated to reflect the emission trading system. This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy(MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (20214710100040,CCUS 법률안 정비 및 수용성을 포함한 제도적 기반 구축). Many problems are appearing due to climate disasters or global warming. Therefore, many countries are moving towards ‘net zero’ policy by setting greenhouse gas reduction targets. Korea is also responding to the climate crisis by enacting the Carbon Neutral and Green Growth Framework Act (so called the Carbon Neutral Framework Act). Korea, like other countries, recognizes that CCUS technology is indispensable to achieve ‘zero carbon’ by 2050. Therefore, in Article 34 of the Framework Act on Carbon Neutrality, there was a provision on the promotion of carbon capture, use and storage technology to prepare policies to support the development of “carbon capture, use, and storage technology.” Special regulations for the demonstration of technology are to be separately stipulated by law. In order to apply CCUS technology, the CCUS single bill is being revised. Meanwhile, in Korea, the “Act on Allocation and Trade of Greenhouse Gas Emission Permits” is in effect. However, in the EU Emissions Trading Act, which implemented the emission trading system earlier than Korea, and the EU CCS Directive was enacted in 2009 and the EU Emissions Trading Directive was also revised. According to the amendments, the EU ETS provides the important incentive for CCS, and according to the EU legal framework, CO2 capt