세대 간 일자리 대체를 고려한 고령자 고용연장제도 도입에 관한 연구

A Study on the Introduction of a Employment Extension Measure for Elderly Considering the Intergenerational Employment Relation

Purpose: This paper examines the conditions for the introduction of a mandatory employment extension measures for the elderly in minimizing the possibility of substitution between elderly employment and youth employment in Korea. Research design, data, and methodology: Through a review of previous literature regarding the employment relations between the elderly and the youth in Korea and in other countries including USA, Japan, and Eurepean countries, this study found that there is no clear evidence that the increase in elderly employment has a harmful effect on youth employment. However, it cannot be excluded that the introduction of the retirement age extension measure has a negative impact on youth employment, at least in the short run. In addition, this study examines the impact of the Measures for Securing Employment for the Elderly implemented in 2006 in Japan on the employment relationship between the elderly and young people in the Japanese labor market. Results: As factors determining whether the employment relation between the elderly and youth is a substitute or a complementary, this study suggests the following three; the situation of labor supply and demand, the period required for skill formation, and the wage gap between age generations at the firm level. By combining these three factors, this study categorizes employment relationships between the elderly and youth into eight types. It is suggested that the employment relationship between two generations becomes substitutional when the wage is relatively overpaid to the elderly. Implications: It is suggested that in order to minimize the possibility that the mandatory employment extension measure for the elderly might have a negative effect on youth employment, it is necessary that the measure needs to be put into effect at the time when the labor surplus has been eliminated. It is also important that personnel policies to keep the relative wages of the elderly and the young at a certain level is vital.