论冯梦龙“三言”中自然良知的近代化转变

On the Modernization Transformation of Nature and Conscience in FENG Meng-Long‘s Sanyan

“三言”作为中国文学史上一座白话短篇小说集的丰碑，兼收并蓄、多元杂糅地表现了晚明时期中国近代化转变中的社会生活和人们的思想感情；其描绘的世情风貌中蕴含着本乎天性的慕色之情、发自肺腑的不忍之心、忠于内心的赤诚之心、面向实际的坦率之心和超越尊卑的平等之心；普通人不再盲从理法和礼教的规训，而以自己朴素的“良知”来区分善恶美丑。这种主体意识的觉醒具有近代精神的意味，其鲜明的主体性、个体性、世俗化、平等意识、民主萌芽、朴实博爱，无不呈现出晚明社会向近代转变的历史大势；也以文学文本的丰富生动确证着中国近代化转变的内发原生性及其中庸、浑融和弹性的民族特色。而“三言”的编撰者冯梦龙则在阳明心学“心即理”、“致良知”打开的主体性空间中，以“情教”和“通俗”带给这个世界以新市民的新认知、新价值以及体验个体生命的“情”的新方式；从底层一点点转化着世人的思想观念，推进着文化土壤的质地更新。

As a monumental collection of vernacular short stories in the history of Chinese literature, Sanyan expresses the social life and people's thoughts and emotions during the process of modernization transformation in an eclectic and diverse manner in China in the late Ming Dynasty; the world described in it contains the natural love for sex, the unbearable heart from the bottom of people‘s heart, the sincere heart that is loyal to the heart, the frank heart while facing the cruel reality, and the equal heart which goes beyond dignity; Ordinary people begin not to blindly follow the rules of law and ethics, but to use their simple “conscience” to tell right from wrong, good from evil, beauty from ugliness. The awakening of this kind of subject consciousness has the significance of modern spirits with distinct features of subjectivity, individuality, secularization, equality consciousness, budding democracy, simple and fraternal love. These features not only witness the historical trend of the late Ming society transforming into modern times, but also confirms the internal nature of China's modernization transformation, and its national characteristics of moderation, harmony and flexibility with rich and vivid literary texts. While Feng Meng-Long, in his short stories Sanyan, creates a world of the subjectivity space opened by Wang Yang-Ming’s philosophy of “mind as truth” and “to conscience”; and brings, with “emotional education” and “popularity”, the world new values of the new citizens, and a new way to experience the “feeling” of individual life; and therefore transforms people's ideas and concepts from the bottom up and promotes the renewal of the cultural soil.