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Paradigm Shift of Leisure Thinking: Internal Relationship between Leisure and Freedom, and Reflective Leisure for Post-Labor Centered Leisure

The paper originates with the premise that the current concept of leisure I tourism and leisure studies research is largely based on labor relations under capitalism, and subsequently understood according the following viewpoints of: escape from labor; and refreshment for labor. From this frame of reference, this paper proposes a heuristic framework that simplifies existential dimensions of human existence into two axis of fact-value and necessity-freedom. Arranging leisure into the realm of freedom from the framework, we reviewed works on Marx, Arendt, and Aristotle which highlight internal relations between leisure and freedom, and concludes that leisure in nature is not just a by-product of labor or work but is spontaneously generated in the realm of freedom. Furthermore true leisure which is spontaneously generated in the realm of freedom that enables us to reflect and contemplate on modern consumptive leisure. This paper contributes to widen current perspectives on labor centered leisure to post-labor centered leisure, accordingly provides opportunity to reflect our current consumptive life.