수도권 외 대학졸업자의 취업 전 특성에 대한 잠재계층분석 및 일자리만족도와의 관련성 연구

A Study on the Characteristics of Non-Metropolitan University Graduates before Employment A Study on the Relationship between the Potential Layer Analysis and Job Satisfaction

본 연구는 취업 전 특성에 따른 잠재계층을 도출하고, 잠재계층별 일자리만족도 수준 차이를 분석하였다. 분석에는 잠재계층 분류에 영향을 미치는 요인을 구체적으로 살펴보았다. 고용노동부와 한국고용정보원의 2019년 대졸자직업이동경로조사(2018GOMS: Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey) 데이터가 활용되었고, 수도권 외 지역 대학생 6,795명을 대상으로 하였다. 잠재계층분석을 수행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 취업 전 특성에 따른 잠재계층의 수는 6개로 나타났다. 둘째 취업전 특성에 따라 각 집단별로 인구학적, 직업적 특성의 차이가 존재하는지 살펴본 결과, 성별, 현재 일자리 정규직 여부, 연령, 소득, 일자리 만족도에서 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 셋째, 대졸자의 취업 전 특성에 따른 잠재계층에 영향을 미치는 요인을 살펴본 결과, 1집단을 준거집단으로 하였을 때, 5집단, 2집단, 4집단, 3집단, 6집단, 1집단 순으로 일자리만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 수도권 외지역의 대졸자들의 취업전 특성과 일자리만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 동시에 분석했다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 또한, 방법론적으로 취업전 특성의 개인차를 분석에 반영하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

The problem of youth employment related to the crisis of universities outside the metropolitan area and job satisfaction of university graduates outside the metropolitan area is emerging. In college, it is necessary to find ways to increase satisfaction with jobs after graduation as well as simple employment. Accordingly, this study derived the latent class according to the characteristics before employment and analyzed the difference in job satisfaction level by latent class. The analysis specifically examined the factors affecting the classification of latent classes. This study was conducted with 6,795 university students from outside the Seoul metropolitan area, using the Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey (GOMS) data of the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Korea Employment Information Service in 2019. The results of the latent class analysis are as follows: First, the number of latent classes according to the characteristics before employment was 6. Second, as a result of examining whether there is a difference in demographic and occupational characteristics by each group according to the characteristics before employment, there was a significant difference in gender, current full-time job status, age, income, and job satisfaction. Third, as a result of examining factors affecting the latent class according to the characteristics before employment of college graduates, when the first group was the reference group, the job satisfaction was high in the order of 5 group, 2 group, 4 group, 3 group, 6 group and 1 group. This study is important in that it analyzed the factors affecting the job satisfaction and the characteristics of the college graduates outside the metropolitan area at the same time. In addition, it is meaningful in that it reflects the individual difference of pre-employment characteristics in the analysis methodologically.