“谢谢”隐性否定用法的功能与机制

Function and Mechanism of the Implicit Negation of “xie xie”

在网络社交媒体等场合有些具有积极含义的词语会衍生出一种表达负面情绪或评价的用法，如本文的研究对象“谢谢”。本文认为，这种新型用法属于隐性否定，本质上是为凸显说话人主观感受并达到某种间接言语行为而使用的虚假礼貌策略。本文基于语料对符合该类特征的“谢谢”的结构特征，即组配要件和位置分布进行了分析，并探讨了其语用功能以及演化机制。从言语行为的角度归纳了该类“谢谢”的语用功能，大致可以确立为三类：“隐约其辞，弦外有音”示意功能、“正话反说，暗箭伤人”宣泄功能、“超乎象外，得其环中”调侃功能。其产生这种负面情绪或评价的演化机制是虚假礼貌策略及交际主观性。

In networking, social media and other occasions, some words with positive meanings will derive from the expression of negative emotions or evaluation. “Xiexie” has developed a use to express negative emotions or comments in social media and other contexts. This paper holds that this new usage belongs to implicit negation, which is essentially a false politeness strategy used to highlight the speaker’s subjective feelings and achieve some indirect speech act. Based on the corpus, this paper analyzes the structural characteristics of “xiexie”, and discusses its pragmatic function and evolutionary mechanism. From the perspective of speech act, this paper summarizes the pragmatic functions of this kind of “xiexie”, which can be roughly established into three categories: signaling function, cathartic function and teasing function. The evolutionary mechanism of negative emotion or evaluation is false politeness strategy and communicative subjectivity. The study of the implicit negative usage of “xiexie” provides a new Angle for the study of a class of words that indicate negative emotion or evaluation with positive meaning in communication.