중국 양로 문제에 대한 부모·자녀 세대간 인식 연구

A Study on the Perception of the Elderly Support in China between Parents and Children

2021년 중국 고령화율(65세 이상)은 14.2%로 고령화 사회를 넘어 고령 사회로 진입했다. 32년간 견지했던 산아제한(1가정 1자녀) 정책을 2021년에 출산 장려정책으로 전환했지만, 노동인구 100명당 노인부양비율은 21.1로 급등하고 있다. 조사 결과, 양로에 대한 부모·자식 세대간 인식이 다른 것으로 나타났다. 독생자 부모 38.45%, 비독생자 부모 46.35%는 양로가 자녀책임이라고 했으나, 자녀의 76.65%는 본인들 책임으로 꼽았다. 독생자녀를 둔 부모의 66.1%가 사구양로(재택양로)를 선택했으나, 다자녀 가정 부모 70%는 가정양로를 선택했다. 분석 결과, 결혼 후 무자녀 혹은 둘째를 낳지 않을 경우, 중국 양로 문제 해결에 부정적 영향이 클 것으로 분석됐다.

In 2021, China’s aging rate (over 65 years of age) was 14.2%, entering an aged society beyond an aging society. Although the birth control policy (one child from one family) that has been maintained for 32 years has been converted to a policy to encourage childbirth in 2021, the elderly support rate per 100 working people is soaring to 21.1. As a result of the survey, it was found that the perceptions of parents and children about supporting the elderly were different. 38.45% of parents of single children and 46.35% of parents of non-single children said the elderly was responsible for their children, but 76.65% of their children cited it as their responsibility. 66.1% of parents with single-child children chose ‘SheQu’ elderly support(community home-based elderly support), but 70% of parents from multi-child families chose home-care. As a result of the analysis, it was found that if you do not have any children or have no second children after marriage, it will have a significant negative impact on solving the problem of the elderly in China.