19세기 동아시아 중화질서의 변동과 한‧중 상호인식의 기억과 변용

The Changes of Sino-centric order in East-Asia and Recollection and Transformation of Korea-China Mutural Perceptions in the 19th century: Focused on 『MongyooYeonhaengrok』 written by Lee Eu-june, Joseon and 『FengshiChaoxianyichengriji』 written by Bo Jun, Qing

19세기 동아시아 중화질서의 변동과 한‧중 관계, 한‧중 상호인식의 기억과 변용, 그리고 한‧중 문사 간의 교유 양상을 조망하는 데에 있어 이유준의 『夢遊燕行錄』과 백준의 『奉使朝鮮驛程日記』는 역사적‧학술적으로 의미 있는 사료라 할 수 있다. 구체적으로 『夢遊燕行錄』에는 이유준의 대(對) 청(淸) 역사의식, 중국의 정치와 사회에 대한 인식, 주요 역사 유적지에 대한 감회, 중국의 풍속과 문물제도 소개 등 폭넓은 내용이 기록되어 있다. 그리고 『奉使朝鮮驛程日記』에는 조선의 역사와 문화, 풍속과 지리 등에 대한 백준의 인식과 평가, 창화(唱和) 외교의 여맥(餘脈), 자순(咨詢)의 전통 등이 상세하게 기록되어 있다. 본 논문은 이와 같은 내용을 바탕으로 크게 세 갈래로 진행하였다. 첫째, 이유준의 『夢遊燕行錄』과 백준의 『奉使朝鮮驛程日記』에 노정된 19세기 동아시아 중화질서의 변동과 한‧중 관계를 천착하였다. 둘째, 이 시기 한‧중 상호인식의 기억과 변용을 탐색하였으며, 마지막으로 이들 저작 속에 보이는 시문(詩文)과 시문 창화(唱和)를 바탕으로 한‧중 양국 문사(文士) 간의 교유 양상을 조망하였다.

In the 19th century, Lee Eu-june's 『MongyooYeonhaengrok(夢遊燕行錄)』 and Bo Jun's 『FengshiChaoxianyichengriji(奉使朝鮮驛程日記)』, in examining the changes in the Chinese order in East Asia, the relationship of Korea-China, the memory and transformation of mutual recognition, and the aspects of literary exchange can be said to be a historically and academically meaningful material. This thesis was conducted in three main parts based on the above contents. First, the changes in the 19th century East Asian Chinese order and the relationship between Korea and China were studied in Lee Eu-june's 『MongyooYeonhaengrok』 and Bo Jun's 『FengshiChaoxianyichengriji』. Second, the memory and transformation of mutual awareness between Korea and China during this period was explored, and finally, the exchange of intellectuals between the two countries was considered based on the poems found in these works. Traditionally, the key factor in the relationship between Korea and China is the Chinese ideology. Relations between Korea and China had been settled in the framework of Chinese ideology, and Chinese ideology dominated the consciousness of intellectuals. However, as a new international relationship was formed in East Asia in the 19th century, the relationship between the two countries began to show cracks and changes. In addition, the perceptions and attitudes of intellectuals toward China and Chinese culture are also changing. Lee Eu-june's 『MongyooYeonhaengrok』 presents a shift and change in the traditional relationship between Korea and China, and a change in perception. In addition, Lee Eu-june's critique of China can be said to reflect the universal perception of the Joseon intellectual society in the 19th century. In particular, in the relationship between Korea and China during this period, the consciousness of ‘small-China’ and ‘Chosun-Chinese’ acted as an important variable. On the other hand, it can be said that the perceptions and attitudes toward the relationship between Korea and China and the Sino-Chinese order in Bo Jun's 『FengshiChaoxianyichengriji』 reflect the traditional perception of the historical center and periphery, and the relationship between tribute and tribute. Bo Jun recognizes the relationship between Korea and China in terms of China, which is still the ‘center’ and the ‘periphery’, Joseon. Second, in relation to the memory and transformation of mutual awareness between Korea and China, the composition of the center and the periphery in the traditional relationship between Korea and China works as a mechanism to understand the memory and transformation of mutual awareness. In fact, it can be said that the recognition of 'centre-periphery' provides a useful framework for understanding the implications of Chinese culture and their perceptions and attitudes toward Joseon intellectuals. However, after Oing(淸) ruled the Central Plains, the concept of China began to expand. This is because it was necessary to explain in detail the superiority of China to the ‘barbarity’ of Qing, which was a miracle. And this leads to Joseon intellectuals' concerns about the current reality. In 『MongyooYeonhaengrok』, Lee Eu-june reveals the historical events, people, regions, and perceptions of Chinese politics and society in Joseon and China. 「ChaoXianZhuzhici(朝鮮竹枝詞)」 recorded in 『FengshiChaoxianyichengriji』 records the history and culture, customs and geography of Joseon, and the life of the people. Here, Bo Jun reflects on the history of Korea and China and reveals his awareness of Joseon. Third, Lee Eu-june and Bo Jun expressed their views through an exchange of poems and, on the other hand, had literary exchanges. Considering this, the poems of Lee Eu-june and Bo Jun provide a cross-section of literary exchange between Korea and China during this period.