중국 茶道의 형성과 변천 고찰

*In the mid term of Tang dynasty, since Gyoyeon(皎然) use the term of tea ceremony(茶道) at first, the term of tea ceremony in China. Until Jeondado(煎茶道) decline, it took about 500 years through out five dynasty and North Song dynasty. *Jeomdado(點茶道) took back of Jeondado(煎茶道), in Darok[茶錄] that Chaeyang(蔡襄) wrote, laid basics, Daegwandaron[大觀茶論] by Jogil(趙佶), Jeomdado(點茶道) was established. Jeomdado(點茶道) was tremendously developed started at the end of Tang dynasty to beginning of Song dynasty and Myung dynasty, but from at the end of Myung dynasty to decay continued about 600years. *Podado(泡茶道) follows up by Jeomdado(點茶道), because Jangwon(張源) wrote Darok[茶錄] and Heochaseo(許次舒) wrote Daso[茶疏], Podado(泡茶道) was established. Podado(泡茶道) was started at the mid term of Tang dynasty, up to the beginning of Myung dynasty mainly used ground tea, and after the beginning of Myung dynasty to now used loose tea. Podado(泡茶道) that was started to decay in modern times, is through mid term of 1980s' the dark ages gradually revives. *The act of drinking tea can be classified by four steps, 喝茶, 品茶, 茶藝, 茶道. In a large sense of tea ceremony all contains four of those, However, in narrow sense of tea ceremony designate only the last step. *The term of 茶藝 was started to use in Taiwan in 1977 and was spread to China in 1988. They wanted to use the term 茶道 but since Japanese 茶道 became well-known so reluctantly choose the term of 茶藝. In that reason there is a identify tendency between 茶道 and 茶藝, so lots of confusions are resulting. *The term of tea culture was started to be used in China in 1984, in Taiwan also started to be used in 1987. In a large sense of tea culture include, material culture, system culture, acting culture, spiritual culture all of them, in a narrow sense of tea culture include system culture, acting culture, spiritual culture, but except for the material culture. *In a large sense of 茶道 and tea culture's category is identical so, the term 茶道 can be used instead of tea culture. In a narrow sense of 茶道 and tea culture, since their category are not identical, so when the term 茶道 used instead of tea culture, attention is needed.