현대 한어 相의 자질 분석

If we divide a shape of a series of the motion, such as start, progressive, perfect, continuing perfect, we can write the aspect of modern chinese, not concerning the tense, as following chart. 〈Chart〉 Start Progressive Perfect Continuing Perfect ← zai → ←qilai → ← zhe →← guo →← xiaqu → ← kanyikan→ ← zhe → ← le (Perfect, + Realization, + Instant, +Continue) → ←le(Perfect,+Realization)→ ←le(Perfect, + Instant)→ ←le(Perfect,+Continue)→ Seeing the upper chart as our basis, we can find out that the relationship of the aspect of modern chinese is not confrontal but complementary to each other. Furthermore, we can also explain the case when “le”(了) and “zhe”(着), and “le”(了)and “guo”(過) are mutually confront easily. For example, (1) 老王釣了一個鐘頭魚. 〓 老王釣着一個鐘頭魚. (Mr. Wong fished for an hour.) (2) 老王釣了兩條魚. ≠ 老王釣着兩條魚. (Mr. Wong catched two fishes.) On the sentence (1), since “le”(了) gets the realization's and arrival's nature of the grammatical aspect as the perfect, it is possible to converse to “zhe”(着), but on the sentence (2), since “le”(了) gets instant perfect's nature of the grammatical aspect as the perfect, it is not possible to verse to “zhe”(着). (3) 老王釣了兩條魚. → 老王釣過兩條魚. (Mr. Wong catched two fishes.) (4) 老王釣了一個鐘頭魚. ≠ 老王釣過一個鐘頭魚. (Mr. Wong fished for an hour.) On the sentence (3), since “le”(了) gets instant perfect's nature of the grammatical aspect as the perfect, it is possible to converse to “guo”(過), but on the sentence, (4), since “le”(了) gets realization's and arrival's nature of the grammatical aspect as the perfect, it is not possible to converse to “guo”(過). The following example can also explain why it is inappropriate. (5) * 老王釣了一個鐘頭兩條魚. (* Mr. Wong catched two fished in an hour.) On the sentence (5), “le”(了) became ungrammatical sentence because it cannot show perfect's two points of time, such as the point of time of realization and arrival, and the points of time of perfecting moment. The sentence became inappropriate, as soon as the sentence shows the point of time, an hour, and, at the same time, shows instant perfect ,catching two fishes, because it is not possible to have two grammatical nature at the same time and sentence. In other words, the sentence cannot accept (1) and (3) at the same time.